ABCA1
Cholesterol metabolism
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Attie AD; Hamon Y; Brooks-Wilson AR ; et al. (2002)
Identification and functional analysis of a naturally occurring E89K mutation in the ABCA1 gene of t[...]
Abdominal-B
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila malerkotliana
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Drosophila malerkotliana
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
yellow
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila bipectinata
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
Abdominal-B
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila merina
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
ebony
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila merina
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
yellow
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila merina
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
Abdominal-B
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila santomea
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Liu Y; Ramos-Womack M; Han C ; et al. (2019)
Changes throughout a Genetic Network Mask the Contribution of Hox Gene Evolution.
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Drosophila santomea
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Liu Y; Ramos-Womack M; Han C ; et al. (2019)
Changes throughout a Genetic Network Mask the Contribution of Hox Gene Evolution.
pdm3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila santomea
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Liu Y; Ramos-Womack M; Han C ; et al. (2019)
Changes throughout a Genetic Network Mask the Contribution of Hox Gene Evolution.
tan
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Drosophila santomea
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Jeong S; Rebeiz M; Andolfatto P ; et al. (2008)
The evolution of gene regulation underlies a morphological difference between two Drosophila sister [...]
1 Additional References
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila santomea
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Liu Y; Ramos-Womack M; Han C ; et al. (2019)
Changes throughout a Genetic Network Mask the Contribution of Hox Gene Evolution.
Abdominal-B
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Bombus melanopygus
(species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Tian L; Rahman SR; Ezray BD ; et al. (2019)
A homeotic shift late in development drives mimetic color variation in a bumble bee.
Agouti
Coloration
2 Mutations:
N
Peromyscus polionotus
oldfield mouse - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Kingsley EP; Manceau M; Wiley CD ; et al. (2009)
Melanism in peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in agouti.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Peromyscus polionotus
oldfield mouse - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Hoekstra HE; Hirschmann RJ; Bundey RA ; et al. (2006)
A single amino acid mutation contributes to adaptive beach mouse color pattern.
Agouti
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus allophrys
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus ammobates
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus albifrons
(subspecies) D
Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus
(subspecies) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Manceau M; Domingues VS; Mallarino R ; et al. (2011)
The developmental role of Agouti in color pattern evolution.
1 Additional References
Agouti
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Sus scrofa domesticus
domestic pig - (subspecies)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Drögemüller C; Giese A; Martins-Wess F ; et al. (2006)
The mutation causing the black-and-tan pigmentation phenotype of Mangalitza pigs maps to the porcine[...]
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Sus scrofa domesticus
domestic pig - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
7 Mutations:
Coding,
Sus scrofa domesticus
domestic pig - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Mixed
3 References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Sus scrofa domesticus
domestic pig - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Wu X; Zhang Y; Shen L ; et al. (2016)
A 6-bp deletion in exon 8 and two mutations in introns of TYRP1 are associated with blond coat color[...]
Agouti
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Girardot M; Guibert S; Laforet MP ; et al. (2006)
The insertion of a full-length Bos taurus LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregula[...]
coatomer protein complex subunit alpha (COPA)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Dorshorst B; Henegar C; Liao X ; et al. (2015)
Dominant Red Coat Color in Holstein Cattle Is Associated with a Missense Mutation in the Coatomer Pr[...]
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Bos taurus
cattle - (species)
Domesticated
Mixed
3 References
Kit ligand
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Seitz JJ; Schmutz SM; Thue TD ; et al. (1999)
A missense mutation in the bovine MGF gene is associated with the roan phenotype in Belgian Blue and[...]
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Klungland H; Våge DI; Gomez-Raya L ; et al. (1995)
The role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptor in bovine coat color determination.
1 Additional References
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Li W; Sartelet A; Tamma N ; et al. (2016)
Reverse genetic screen for loss-of-function mutations uncovers a frameshifting deletion in the melan[...]
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Unknown,
Unknown
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
PMEL17
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Gutiérrez-Gil B; Wiener P; Williams JL (2007)
Genetic effects on coat colour in cattle: dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an F2-B[...]
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Rothammer S; Kunz E; Seichter D ; et al. (2017)
Detection of two non-synonymous SNPs in SLC45A2 on BTA20 as candidate causal mutations for oculocuta[...]
Twist2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Awasthi Mishra N; Drögemüller C; Jagannathan V ; et al. (2017)
A structural variant in the 5'-flanking region of the TWIST2 gene affects melanocyte development in [...]
2 Additional References
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Schmutz SM; Berryere TG; Ciobanu DC ; et al. (2004)
A form of albinism in cattle is caused by a tyrosinase frameshift mutation.
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Bos taurus
cattle - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Berryere TG; Schmutz SM; Schimpf RJ ; et al. (2003)
TYRP1 is associated with dun coat colour in Dexter cattle or how now brown cow?
PMEL17
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Bos taurus
cattle - (species) D
Bos grunniens
domestic yak - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Jolly RD; Wills JL; Kenny JE ; et al. (2008)
Coat-colour dilution and hypotrichosis in Hereford crossbred calves.
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Rieder S; Taourit S; Mariat D ; et al. (2001)
Mutations in the agouti (ASIP), the extension (MC1R), and the brown (TYRP1) loci and their associati[...]
1 Additional References
Endothelin receptor B
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Metallinos DL; Bowling AT; Rine J (1998)
A missense mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with Lethal White Foal Syndrome:[...]
2 Additional References
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
29 Mutations:
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
11 References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Marklund L; Moller MJ; Sandberg K ; et al. (1996)
A missense mutation in the gene for melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) is associated wit[...]
1 Additional References
MFSD12
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Tanaka J; Leeb T; Rushton J ; et al. (2019)
Frameshift Variant in MFSD12 Explains the Mushroom Coat Color Dilution in Shetland Ponies.
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
6 Mutations:
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
4 References
Pax3
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
PMEL17
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Brunberg E; Andersson L; Cothran G ; et al. (2006)
A missense mutation in PMEL17 is associated with the Silver coat color in the horse.
4 Additional References
SLC24A
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Mack M; Kowalski E; Grahn R ; et al. (2017)
Two Variants in SLC24A5 Are Associated with "Tiger-Eye" Iris Pigmentation in Puerto Rican Paso Fino [...]
SLC36A1
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Cook D; Brooks S; Bellone R ; et al. (2008)
Missense mutation in exon 2 of SLC36A1 responsible for champagne dilution in horses.
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
3 References
syntaxin-17
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Rosengren Pielberg G; Golovko A; Sundström E ; et al. (2008)
A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the[...]
2 Additional References
T-box transcription factor (TBX3)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Imsland F; McGowan K; Rubin CJ ; et al. (2016)
Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage colo[...]
TRPM1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Equus caballus
horse - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Bellone RR; Forsyth G; Leeb T ; et al. (2010)
Fine-mapping and mutation analysis of TRPM1: a candidate gene for leopard complex (LP) spotting and [...]
3 Additional References
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Eizirik E; Yuhki N; Johnson WE ; et al. (2003)
Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family.
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Gustafson NA; Gandolfi B; Lyons LA (2017)
Not another type of potato: MC1R and the russet coloration of Burmese cats.
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Ishida Y; David VA; Eizirik E ; et al. (2006)
A homozygous single-base deletion in MLPH causes the dilute coat color phenotype in the domestic cat[...]
Taqpep
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP,
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
Kaelin CB; Xu X; Hong LZ ; et al. (2012)
Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
5 Mutations:
Coding,
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
4 References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Felis catus
domestic cat - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Schmidt-Küntzel A; Eizirik E; O'Brien SJ ; et al. (2005 Jul-Aug)
Tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 alleles specify domestic cat coat color phenotypes of th[...]
1 Additional References
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Panthera pardus
leopard - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Schneider A; David VA; Johnson WE ; et al. (2012)
How the leopard hides its spots: ASIP mutations and melanism in wild cats.
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Catopuma temminckii
Asiatic golden cat - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Schneider A; David VA; Johnson WE ; et al. (2012)
How the leopard hides its spots: ASIP mutations and melanism in wild cats.
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Vulpes vulpes
red fox - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Våge DI; Lu D; Klungland H ; et al. (1997)
A non-epistatic interaction of agouti and extension in the fox, Vulpes vulpes.
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Vulpes vulpes
red fox - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Vulpes vulpes
red fox - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Våge DI; Lu D; Klungland H ; et al. (1997)
A non-epistatic interaction of agouti and extension in the fox, Vulpes vulpes.
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Vulpes lagopus
Arctic fox - (species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Våge DI; Fuglei E; Snipstad K ; et al. (2005)
Two cysteine substitutions in the MC1R generate the blue variant of the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) [...]
1 Additional References
Agouti
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
3 References
Endothelin receptor B
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Miwa M; Inoue-Murayama M; Aoki H ; et al. (2007)
Endothelin receptor B2 (EDNRB2) is associated with the panda plumage colour mutation in Japanese qua[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Nadeau NJ; Minvielle F; Mundy NI (2006)
Association of a Glu92Lys substitution in MC1R with extended brown in Japanese quail (Coturnix japon[...]
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
Unknown,
Complex Change
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Minvielle F; Cecchi T; Passamonti P ; et al. (2009)
Plumage colour mutations and melanins in the feathers of the Japanese quail: a first comparison.
1 Additional References
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Minvielle F; Bed'hom B; Coville JL ; et al. (2010)
The "silver" Japanese quail and the MITF gene: causal mutation, associated traits and homology with [...]
1 Additional References
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Gunnarsson U; Hellström AR; Tixier-Boichard M ; et al. (2007)
Mutations in SLC45A2 cause plumage color variation in chicken and Japanese quail.
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Nadeau NJ; Mundy NI; Gourichon D ; et al. (2007)
Association of a single-nucleotide substitution in TYRP1 with roux in Japanese quail (Coturnix japon[...]
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Leopardus colocolo
Colocolo - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Schneider A; Henegar C; Day K ; et al. (2015)
Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids.
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Leopardus guigna
Kodkod - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Schneider A; Henegar C; Day K ; et al. (2015)
Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids.
Agouti
Coloration
7 Mutations:
Peromyscus maniculatus
North American deer mouse - (species)
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
Agouti
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Sciurus niger
fox squirrel - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
McRobie HR; Moncrief ND; Mundy NI (2019)
Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus).
Agouti
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Mus musculus molossinus
Japanese wild mouse - (subspecies) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Tanave A; Imai Y; Koide T (2019)
Nested retrotransposition in the East Asian mouse genome causes the classical nonagouti mutation.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
GPR22
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Batcher K; Varney S; Affolter VK ; et al. (2022)
An SNN retrocopy insertion upstream of GPR22 is associated with dark red coat color in Poodles.
MFSD12
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Hédan B; Cadieu E; Botherel N ; et al. (2019)
Identification of a Missense Variant in MFSD12 Involved in Dilution of Phaeomelanin Leading to White[...]
PMEL17
Coloration
6 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
3 References
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Bonilla C; Boxill LA; Donald SA ; et al. (2005)
The 8818G allele of the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene is ancestral and is associated with dar[...]
2 Additional References
EGFR
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Quillen EE; Bauchet M; Bigham AW ; et al. (2012)
OPRM1 and EGFR contribute to skin pigmentation differences between Indigenous Americans and European[...]
EIF2S2
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Liu F; Visser M; Duffy DL ; et al. (2015)
Genetics of skin color variation in Europeans: genome-wide association studies with functional follo[...]
GSS (glutathione synthetase)
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Liu F; Visser M; Duffy DL ; et al. (2015)
Genetics of skin color variation in Europeans: genome-wide association studies with functional follo[...]
IRF4
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Praetorius C; Grill C; Stacey SN ; et al. (2013)
A polymorphism in IRF4 affects human pigmentation through a tyrosinase-dependent MITF/TFAP2A pathway[...]
1 Additional References
Kit ligand
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
13 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
4 References
MFSD12
Coloration
2 Mutations:
N
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
2 References
Oca2
Coloration
2 Mutations:
SNP,
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
2 References
OPRM1
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Quillen EE; Bauchet M; Bigham AW ; et al. (2012)
OPRM1 and EGFR contribute to skin pigmentation differences between Indigenous Americans and European[...]
SLC24A5 (NCKX5)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Lamason RL; Mohideen MA; Mest JR ; et al. (2005)
SLC24A5, a putative cation exchanger, affects pigmentation in zebrafish and humans.
5 Additional References
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Graf J; Hodgson R; van Daal A (2005)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MATP gene are associated with normal human pigmentation varia[...]
3 Additional References
TPCN2
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Sulem P; Gudbjartsson DF; Stacey SN ; et al. (2008)
Two newly identified genetic determinants of pigmentation in Europeans.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
2 References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
2 References
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Ovis aries
sheep - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Norris BJ; Whan VA (2008)
A gene duplication affecting expression of the ovine ASIP gene is responsible for white and black sh[...]
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Ovis aries
sheep - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Våge DI; Klungland H; Lu D ; et al. (1999)
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of dominant black coat color in sheep.
1 Additional References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Coding,
Ovis aries
sheep - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
3 References
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Vermivora cyanoptera
blue-winged warbler - (species)
Interspecific
Association Mapping
Toews DP; Taylor SA; Vallender R ; et al. (2016)
Plumage Genes and Little Else Distinguish the Genomes of Hybridizing Warblers.
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Vermivora cyanoptera
blue-winged warbler - (species)
Interspecific
Association Mapping
Toews DP; Taylor SA; Vallender R ; et al. (2016)
Plumage Genes and Little Else Distinguish the Genomes of Hybridizing Warblers.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Monarcha castaneiventris
Makira monarch - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Uy JA; Cooper EA; Cutie S ; et al. (2016)
Mutations in different pigmentation genes are associated with parallel melanism in island flycatcher[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Monarcha castaneiventris
Makira monarch - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Uy JA; Cooper EA; Cutie S ; et al. (2016)
Mutations in different pigmentation genes are associated with parallel melanism in island flycatcher[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus asinus
ass - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Abitbol M; Legrand R; Tiret L (2015)
A missense mutation in the agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP) is associated with the no light poin[...]
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Equus asinus
ass - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Haase B; Rieder S; Leeb T (2015)
Two variants in the KIT gene as candidate causative mutations for a dominant white and a white spott[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus asinus
ass - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Abitbol M; Legrand R; Tiret L (2014)
A missense mutation in melanocortin 1 receptor is associated with the red coat colour in donkeys.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Equus asinus
ass - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Utzeri VJ; Bertolini F; Ribani A ; et al. (2016)
The albinism of the feral Asinara white donkeys (Equus asinus) is determined by a missense mutation [...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Dreger DL; Schmutz SM (2011 Sep-Oct)
A SINE insertion causes the black-and-tan and saddle tan phenotypes in domestic dogs.
FGF3; FGF4; FGF19; ORAOV1
Coloration
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Salmon Hillbertz NH; Isaksson M; Karlsson EK ; et al. (2007)
Duplication of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 causes hair ridge and predisposition to dermoid sinus in[...]
Kit
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Wong AK; Ruhe AL; Robertson KR ; et al. (2013)
A de novo mutation in KIT causes white spotting in a subpopulation of German Shepherd dogs.
MC1R
Coloration
5 Mutations:
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Mixed
4 References
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Mixed
3 References
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Deletion
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Karlsson EK; Baranowska I; Wade CM ; et al. (2007)
Efficient mapping of mendelian traits in dogs through genome-wide association.
1 Additional References
PSMB7
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Clark LA; Tsai KL; Starr AN ; et al. (2011)
A missense mutation in the 20S proteasome β2 subunit of Great Danes having harlequin coat patterning[...]
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
5 Mutations:
Coding,
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
3 References
beta-defensin 103 (CBD103)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Canis lupus familiaris
dog - (subspecies) D
Canis latrans
coyote - (species) D
Canis lupus
gray wolf - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Candille SI; Kaelin CB; Cattanach BM ; et al. (2007)
A -defensin mutation causes black coat color in domestic dogs.
2 Additional References
RALY (hnRNP associated with lethal yellow)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Canis lupus
gray wolf - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Dreger DL; Parker HG; Ostrander EA ; et al. (2013 May-Jun)
Identification of a mutation that is associated with the saddle tan and black-and-tan phenotypes in [...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Insertion
N
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Deletion
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Lehner S; Gähle M; Dierks C ; et al. (2013)
Two-exon skipping within MLPH is associated with coat color dilution in rabbits.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Aigner B; Besenfelder U; Müller M ; et al. (2000)
Tyrosinase gene variants in different rabbit strains.
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Utzeri VJ; Ribani A; Fontanesi L (2014)
A premature stop codon in the TYRP1 gene is associated with brown coat colour in the European rabbit[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Miller SM; Guthrie AJ; Harper CK (2016)
Single base-pair deletion in ASIP exon 3 associated with recessive black phenotype in impala (Aepyce[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Camelus dromedarius
Arabian camel - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Almathen F; Elbir H; Bahbahani H ; et al. (2018)
Polymorphisms in MC1R and ASIP Genes are Associated with Coat Color Variation in the Arabian Camel.
1 Additional References
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Camelus dromedarius
Arabian camel - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Holl H; Isaza R; Mohamoud Y ; et al. (2017)
A Frameshift Mutation in KIT is Associated with White Spotting in the Arabian Camel.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Lepus americanus
snowshoe hare - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Jones MR; Mills LS; Alves PC ; et al. (2018)
Adaptive introgression underlies polymorphic seasonal camouflage in snowshoe hares.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Lepus timidus
Mountain hare - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Giska I; Farelo L; Pimenta J ; et al. (2019)
Introgression drives repeated evolution of winter coat color polymorphism in hares.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Morgan HD; Sutherland HG; Martin DI ; et al. (1999)
Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse.
MC1R
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Coding,
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
PMEL17
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Kwon BS; Halaban R; Ponnazhagan S ; et al. (1995)
Mouse silver mutation is caused by a single base insertion in the putative cytoplasmic domain of Pme[...]
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Du J; Fisher DE (2002)
Identification of Aim-1 as the underwhite mouse mutant and its transcriptional regulation by MITF.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Mus poschiavinus
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Robbins LS; Nadeau JH; Johnson KR ; et al. (1993)
Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MS[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yu S; Wang G; Liao J (2019)
Association of a novel SNP in the ASIP gene with skin color in black-bone chicken.
CDKN2A
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Schwochow Thalmann D; Ring H; Sundström E ; et al. (2017)
The evolution of Sex-linked barring alleles in chickens involves both regulatory and coding changes [...]
1 Additional References
CYP19A1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Li J; Davis BW; Jern P ; et al. (2019)
Characterization of the endogenous retrovirus insertion in CYP19A1 associated with henny feathering [...]
EDN3
Coloration
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Dorshorst B; Molin AM; Rubin CJ ; et al. (2011)
A complex genomic rearrangement involving the endothelin 3 locus causes dermal hyperpigmentation in [...]
3 Additional References
Endothelin receptor B2
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Kinoshita K; Akiyama T; Mizutani M ; et al. (2014)
Endothelin receptor B2 (EDNRB2) is responsible for the tyrosinase-independent recessive white (mo(w)[...]
GRAMD3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species)
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Xu J; Lin S; Gao X ; et al. (2017)
Mapping of Id locus for dermal shank melanin in a Chinese indigenous chicken breed.
MC1R
Coloration
6 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species)
Domesticated
Mixed
3 References
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Vaez M; Follett SA; Bed'hom B ; et al. (2008)
A single point-mutation within the melanophilin gene causes the lavender plumage colour dilution phe[...]
PMEL17
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
Kerje S; Sharma P; Gunnarsson U ; et al. (2004)
The Dominant white, Dun and Smoky color variants in chicken are associated with insertion/deletion p[...]
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
Gunnarsson U; Hellström AR; Tixier-Boichard M ; et al. (2007)
Mutations in SLC45A2 cause plumage color variation in chicken and Japanese quail.
SLCO1B3
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Wang Z; Qu L; Yao J ; et al. (2013)
An EAV-HP insertion in 5' Flanking region of SLCO1B3 causes blue eggshell in the chicken.
SOX10
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Deletion
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Gunnarsson U; Kerje S; Bed'hom B ; et al. (2011)
The Dark brown plumage color in chickens is caused by an 8.3-kb deletion upstream of SOX10.
1 Additional References
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Gallus gallus
chicken - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Li J; Bed'hom B; Marthey S ; et al. (2019)
A missense mutation in TYRP1 causes the chocolate plumage color in chicken and alters melanosome str[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Vicugna pacos
alpaca - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Chandramohan B; Renieri C; La Manna V ; et al. (2013)
The alpaca agouti gene: genomic locus, transcripts and causative mutations of eumelanic and pheomela[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Bubalus bubalis
water buffalo - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Liang D; Zhao P; Si J ; et al. (2021)
Genomic Analysis Revealed a Convergent Evolution of LINE-1 in Coat Color: A Case Study in Water Buff[...]
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
N
Bubalus bubalis
water buffalo - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yusnizar Y; Wilbe M; Herlino AO ; et al. (2015)
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor mutations are associated with white-spotted coat colo[...]
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Bubalus bubalis
water buffalo - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Damé MC; Xavier GM; Oliveira-Filho JP ; et al. (2012)
A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene causes albinism in water buffalo.
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Capra hircus
goat - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
EDNRA
Coloration
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Capra hircus
goat - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Menzi F; Keller I; Reber I ; et al. (2016)
Genomic amplification of the caprine EDNRA locus might lead to a dose dependent loss of pigmentation[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Capra hircus
goat - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Fontanesi L; Beretti F; Riggio V ; et al. (2009)
Missense and nonsense mutations in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene of different goat breeds: ass[...]
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Capra hircus
goat - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Becker D; Otto M; Ammann P ; et al. (2015)
The brown coat colour of Coppernecked goats is associated with a non-synonymous variant at the TYRP1[...]
Agouti-related peptide 2 (agrp2)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Haplochromis sauvagei
(species)
Haplochromis chilotes
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Kratochwil CF; Liang Y; Gerwin J ; et al. (2018)
Agouti-related peptide 2 facilitates convergent evolution of stripe patterns across cichlid fish rad[...]
1 Additional References
an2-like (Stan2)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Solanum tuberosum
potato - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Jung CS; Griffiths HM; De Jong DM ; et al. (2009)
The potato developer (D) locus encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates expression of[...]
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)
Coloration
Coding,
Unknown
Solanum tuberosum
potato - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
De Jong WS; De Jong DM; De Jong H ; et al. (2003)
An allele of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase associated with the ability to produce red anthocyanin pigm[...]
1 Additional References
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Solanum tuberosum
potato - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Jung CS; Griffiths HM; De Jong DM ; et al. (2005)
The potato P locus codes for flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase.
anthocyanin2 (an2)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Capsicum chinense
(species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Borovsky Y; Oren-Shamir M; Ovadia R ; et al. (2004)
The A locus that controls anthocyanin accumulation in pepper encodes a MYB transcription factor homo[...]
anthocyanin2 (an2)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Capsicum annuum
(species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Jung S; Venkatesh J; Kang MY ; et al. (2019)
A non-LTR retrotransposon activates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating a MYB transcription facto[...]
anthocyanin2 (an2)
Coloration
6 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Petunia axillaris
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
MYB-FL
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Petunia axillaris
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Sheehan H; Moser M; Klahre U ; et al. (2016)
MYB-FL controls gain and loss of floral UV absorbance, a key trait affecting pollinator preference a[...]
apontic-like
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Yoda S; Yamaguchi J; Mita K ; et al. (2014)
The transcription factor Apontic-like controls diverse colouration pattern in caterpillars.
2 Additional References
Bm-iAANAT
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Zhan S; Guo Q; Li M ; et al. (2010)
Disruption of an N-acetyltransferase gene in the silkworm reveals a novel role in pigmentation.
1 Additional References
cardinal
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Osanai-Futahashi M; Tatematsu KI; Futahashi R ; et al. (2016)
Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommoc[...]
cortex
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Unknown,
Unknown
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Ito K; Katsuma S; Kuwazaki S ; et al. (2016)
Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in t[...]
SCARB1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Sakudoh T; Iizuka T; Narukawa J ; et al. (2010)
A CD36-related transmembrane protein is coordinated with an intracellular lipid-binding protein in s[...]
SCRB15
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Sakudoh T; Kuwazaki S; Iizuka T ; et al. (2013)
CD36 homolog divergence is responsible for the selectivity of carotenoid species migration to the si[...]
Wnt1
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
aristaless
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius cydno
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Westerman EL; VanKuren NW; Massardo D ; et al. (2018)
Aristaless Controls Butterfly Wing Color Variation Used in Mimicry and Mate Choice.
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Indel
Heliconius cydno
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gallant JR; Imhoff VE; Martin A ; et al. (2014)
Ancient homology underlies adaptive mimetic diversity across butterflies.
1 Additional References
Optix
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius pachinus
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Reed RD; Papa R; Martin A ; et al. (2011)
optix drives the repeated convergent evolution of butterfly wing pattern mimicry.
1 Additional References
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius pachinus
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
1 Additional References
arrow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Danaus chrysippus
African queen - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Martin SH; Singh KS; Gordon IJ ; et al. (2020)
Whole-chromosome hitchhiking driven by a male-killing endosymbiont.
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Danaus chrysippus
African queen - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Martin SH; Singh KS; Gordon IJ ; et al. (2020)
Whole-chromosome hitchhiking driven by a male-killing endosymbiont.
B2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
N
Allium cepa
onion - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Jo C; Kim S (2019)
Transposition of a non-autonomous DNA transposon in the gene coding for a bHLH transcription factor [...]
bab
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila yakuba
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013)
Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]
bab
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila fuyamai
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013)
Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]
bab
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila auraria
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013)
Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]
bab
Coloration
5 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
bab1
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Kopp A; Graze RM; Xu S ; et al. (2003)
Quantitative trait loci responsible for variation in sexually dimorphic traits in Drosophila melanog[...]
1 Additional References
ebony
Coloration
7 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
3 References
tan
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Bastide H; Betancourt A; Nolte V ; et al. (2013)
A genome-wide, fine-scale map of natural pigmentation variation in Drosophila melanogaster.
3 Additional References
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Inversion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Zakharenko LP; p6acheva EM; Romanova OA ; et al. (2000)
hobo-induced rearrangements are responsible for mutation bursts at the yellow locus in a natural pop[...]
wingless (wg)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila guttifera
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Koshikawa S; Giorgianni MW; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2015)
Gain of cis-regulatory activities underlies novel domains of wingless gene expression in Drosophila.
1 Additional References
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila kikkawai
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Jeong S; Rokas A; Carroll SB (2006)
Regulation of body pigmentation by the Abdominal-B Hox protein and its gain and loss in Drosophila e[...]
bab
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ficarrotta V; Hanly JJ; Loh LS ; et al. (2022)
A genetic switch for male UV iridescence in an incipient species pair of sulphur butterflies.
bab1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Williams TM; Selegue JE; Werner T ; et al. (2008)
The regulation and evolution of a genetic switch controlling sexually dimorphic traits in Drosophila[...]
BarH1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Colias croceus
clouded yellow - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Woronik A; Tunström K; Perry MW ; et al. (2019)
A transposable element insertion is associated with an alternative life history strategy.
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Podarcis muralis
Common wall lizard - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Andrade P; Pinho C; Pérez I de Lanuza G ; et al. (2019)
Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall [...]
SPR
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Podarcis muralis
Common wall lizard - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Andrade P; Pinho C; Pérez I de Lanuza G ; et al. (2019)
Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall [...]
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Geospiza scandens
(species) D
Geospiza fortis
medium ground-finch - (species) D
Geospiza conirostris
(species) D
Geospiza magnirostris
(species) D
Geospiza fuliginosa
(species) D
Camarhynchus parvulus
(species) D
Camarhynchus pauper
(species) D
Camarhynchus pallidus
woodpecker finch - (species) D
Geospiza difficilis
(species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Enbody ED; Sprehn CG; Abzhanov A ; et al. (2021)
A multispecies BCO2 beak color polymorphism in the Darwin's finch radiation.
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Setophaga petechia
yellow warbler - (species) D
Interspecific
Association Mapping
Baiz MD; Wood AW; Brelsford A ; et al. (2021)
Pigmentation Genes Show Evidence of Repeated Divergence and Multiple Bouts of Introgression in Setop[...]
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Setophaga citrina
hooded warbler - (species) D
Interspecific
Association Mapping
Baiz MD; Wood AW; Brelsford A ; et al. (2021)
Pigmentation Genes Show Evidence of Repeated Divergence and Multiple Bouts of Introgression in Setop[...]
Bh4
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Oryza sativa
rice - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Zhu BF; Si L; Wang Z ; et al. (2011)
Genetic control of a transition from black to straw-white seed hull in rice domestication.
1 Additional References
Rc
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Oryza sativa
rice - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Sweeney MT; Thomson MJ; Cho YG ; et al. (2007)
Global dissemination of a single mutation conferring white pericarp in rice.
bHLH2
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Insertion
N
Ipomoea purpurea
common morning-glory - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Park KI; Ishikawa N; Morita Y ; et al. (2007)
A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthe[...]
Chalcone synthase D (CHS-D)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Unknown,
Insertion
Ipomoea purpurea
common morning-glory - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Habu Y; Hisatomi Y; Iida S (1998)
Molecular characterization of the mutable flaked allele for flower variegation in the common morning[...]
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Ipomoea purpurea
common morning-glory - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Zufall RA; Rausher MD (2003 Nov-Dec)
The genetic basis of a flower color polymorphism in the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea).
3 Additional References
MYB1
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Ipomoea purpurea
common morning-glory - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Chang SM; Lu Y; Rausher MD (2005)
Neutral evolution of the nonbinding region of the anthocyanin regulatory gene Ipmyb1 in Ipomoea.
bHLH2
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Ipomoea tricolor
(species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Park KI; Choi JD; Hoshino A ; et al. (2004)
An intragenic tandem duplication in a transcriptional regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis c[...]
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Ipomoea tricolor
(species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Hoshino A; Morita Y; Choi JD ; et al. (2003)
Spontaneous mutations of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene conferring reddish flowers in the three m[...]
bHLH2
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Petunia axillaris
(species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Spelt C; Quattrocchio F; Mol J ; et al. (2002)
ANTHOCYANIN1 of petunia controls pigment synthesis, vacuolar pH, and seed coat development by geneti[...]
WDR1
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Petunia axillaris
(species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
de Vetten N; Quattrocchio F; Mol J ; et al. (1997)
The an11 locus controlling flower pigmentation in petunia encodes a novel WD-repeat protein conserve[...]
MYB-FL
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Petunia exserta
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Sheehan H; Moser M; Klahre U ; et al. (2016)
MYB-FL controls gain and loss of floral UV absorbance, a key trait affecting pollinator preference a[...]
c1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Zea mays
(species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Hattori T; Vasil V; Rosenkrans L ; et al. (1992)
The Viviparous-1 gene and abscisic acid activate the C1 regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis[...]
1 Additional References
colored plant 1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Zea mays
(species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Radicella JP; Brown D; Tolar LA ; et al. (1992)
Allelic diversity of the maize B regulatory gene: different leader and promoter sequences of two B a[...]
pericarp color1 (P1)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Zea mays
(species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Lechelt C; Peterson T; Laird A ; et al. (1989)
Isolation and molecular analysis of the maize P locus.
r1 colored1
Coloration
Unknown,
Insertion
Zea mays
(species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Hanson MA; Gaut BS; Stec AO ; et al. (1996)
Evolution of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize kernels: the role of regulatory and enzymatic loci.
1 Additional References
cardinal
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Tribolium castaneum
red flour beetle - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Shirai Y; Daimon T (2020)
Mutations in cardinal are responsible for the red-1 and peach eye color mutants of the red flour bee[...]
Carotenoid-binding protein (CBP)
Coloration
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Sakudoh T; Nakashima T; Kuroki Y ; et al. (2011)
Diversity in copy number and structure of a silkworm morphogenetic gene as a result of domestication[...]
1 Additional References
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yu HS; Shen YH; Yuan GX ; et al. (2011)
Evidence of selection at melanin synthesis pathway loci during silkworm domestication.
ccdc170
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Anolis sagrei
Brown anole - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Feiner N; Brun-Usan M; Andrade P ; et al. (2022)
A single locus regulates a female-limited color pattern polymorphism in a reptile.
CORIN
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Panthera tigris
tiger - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Xu X; Dong GX; Schmidt-Küntzel A ; et al. (2017)
The genetics of tiger pelage color variations.
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Panthera tigris
tiger - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Xu X; Dong GX; Hu XS ; et al. (2013)
The genetic basis of white tigers.
cortex
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Biston betularia
pepper-and-salt moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Van't Hof AE; Campagne P; Rigden DJ ; et al. (2016)
The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element.
cortex
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Heliconius melpomene
postman butterfly - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
2 References
Optix
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius melpomene
postman butterfly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Reed RD; Papa R; Martin A ; et al. (2011)
optix drives the repeated convergent evolution of butterfly wing pattern mimicry.
1 Additional References
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius melpomene
postman butterfly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
cortex
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Kallima inachus
orange oakleaf - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Wang S; Teng D; Li X ; et al. (2022)
The evolution and diversification of oakleaf butterflies.
cortex
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Papilio clytia
common mime swallowtail - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
VanKuren NW; Massardo D; Nallu S ; et al. (2019)
Butterfly Mimicry Polymorphisms Highlight Phylogenetic Limits of Gene Reuse in the Evolution of Dive[...]
cortex
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Junonia coenia
buckeye - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Association Mapping
van der Burg KRL; Lewis JJ; Brack BJ ; et al. (2020)
Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern.
herfst
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Junonia coenia
buckeye - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Association Mapping
van der Burg KRL; Lewis JJ; Brack BJ ; et al. (2020)
Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern.
trehalase
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Junonia coenia
buckeye - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Association Mapping
van der Burg KRL; Lewis JJ; Brack BJ ; et al. (2020)
Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern.
csf1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Oryzias woworae
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ansai S; Mochida K; Fujimoto S ; et al. (2021)
Genome editing reveals fitness effects of a gene for sexual dichromatism in Sulawesian fishes.
csf1a
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Danio albolineatus
pearl danio - (species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Patterson LB; Bain EJ; Parichy DM (2014)
Pigment cell interactions and differential xanthophore recruitment underlying zebrafish stripe reite[...]
edn3b
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Danio nigrofasciatus
dwarf danio - (species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Spiewak JE; Bain EJ; Liu J ; et al. (2018)
Evolution of Endothelin signaling and diversification of adult pigment pattern in Danio fishes.
Kcnj13
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Danio aesculapii
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Podobnik M; Frohnhöfer HG; Dooley CM ; et al. (2020)
Evolution of the potassium channel gene Kcnj13 underlies colour pattern diversification in Danio fis[...]
CYP2J19
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Serinus canaria
common canary - (species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Lopes RJ; Johnson JD; Toomey MB ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Basis for Red Coloration in Birds.
CYP2J19
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Deletion
N
Taeniopygia guttata
zebra finch - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Mundy NI; Stapley J; Bennison C ; et al. (2016)
Red Carotenoid Coloration in the Zebra Finch Is Controlled by a Cytochrome P450 Gene Cluster.
CYP76AD1
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Beta vulgaris
(species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Hatlestad GJ; Sunnadeniya RM; Akhavan NA ; et al. (2012)
The beet R locus encodes a new cytochrome P450 required for red betalain production.
MYB1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Beta vulgaris
(species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Hatlestad GJ; Akhavan NA; Sunnadeniya RM ; et al. (2015)
The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pat[...]
Dat
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila virilis
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ahmed-Braimah YH; Sweigart AL (2015)
A single gene causes an interspecific difference in pigmentation in Drosophila.
Dopamine N-acetyltransferase (Dat)
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila virilis
(species) D
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ahmed-Braimah YH; Sweigart AL (2015)
A single gene causes an interspecific difference in pigmentation in Drosophila.
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila novamexicana
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Wittkopp PJ; Stewart EE; Arnold LL ; et al. (2009)
Intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence: genetics of pigmentation in Drosophila.
1 Additional References
tan
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila novamexicana
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Wittkopp PJ; Stewart EE; Arnold LL ; et al. (2009)
Intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence: genetics of pigmentation in Drosophila.
determinant of gall color (dgc)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Hormaphis cornu
(species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Korgaonkar A; Han C; Lemire AL ; et al. (2021)
A novel family of secreted insect proteins linked to plant gall development.
Dihydroflavonol 4 reductase (MlDfr)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Erythranthe lewisii
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Wu CA; Streisfeld MA; Nutter LI ; et al. (2013)
The genetic basis of a rare flower color polymorphism in Mimulus lewisii provides insight into the r[...]
LIGHT AREAS1 (LAR1)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Erythranthe lewisii
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yuan YW; Rebocho AB; Sagawa JM ; et al. (2016)
Competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis produces spatial pattern variation of flor[...]
ROSE INTENSITY1 (ROI1)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Erythranthe lewisii
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yuan YW; Sagawa JM; Young RC ; et al. (2013)
Genetic dissection of a major anthocyanin QTL contributing to pollinator-mediated reproductive isola[...]
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Iochroma calycinum
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Coburn RA; Griffin RH; Smith SD (2015)
Genetic basis for a rare floral mutant in an Andean species of Solanaceae.
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Iochroma cyaneum
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Smith SD; Rausher MD (2011)
Gene loss and parallel evolution contribute to species difference in flower color.
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Complex Change
N
Iochroma cyaneum
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Smith SD; Rausher MD (2011)
Gene loss and parallel evolution contribute to species difference in flower color.
Distal-less
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Bicyclus anynana
squinting bush brown - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Beldade P; Brakefield PM; Long AD (2002)
Contribution of Distal-less to quantitative variation in butterfly eyespots.
Doublesex
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Papilio polytes
common Mormon - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Kunte K; Zhang W; Tenger-Trolander A ; et al. (2014)
doublesex is a mimicry supergene.
2 Additional References
Doublesex
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Papilio memnon
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Iijima T; Kajitani R; Komata S ; et al. (2018)
Parallel evolution of Batesian mimicry supergene in two Papilio butterflies, P. polytes and P. memno[...]
1 Additional References
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila auraria
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Johnson WC; Ordway AJ; Watada M ; et al. (2015)
Genetic Changes to a Transcriptional Silencer Element Confers Phenotypic Diversity within and betwee[...]
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila serrata
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Johnson WC; Ordway AJ; Watada M ; et al. (2015)
Genetic Changes to a Transcriptional Silencer Element Confers Phenotypic Diversity within and betwee[...]
ebony
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila pseudoananassae
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
ebony
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila bipectinata
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Signor SA; Liu Y; Rebeiz M ; et al. (2016)
Genetic Convergence in the Evolution of Male-Specific Color Patterns in Drosophila.
EDN3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Ambystoma mexicanum
axolotl - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Woodcock MR; Vaughn-Wolfe J; Elias A ; et al. (2017)
Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Amby[...]
Endothelin receptor B2
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Anas platyrhynchos
mallard - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Anas platyrhynchos
mallard - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yu W; Wang C; Xin Q ; et al. (2013)
Non-synonymous SNPs in MC1R gene are associated with the extended black variant in domestic ducks (A[...]
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Anas platyrhynchos
mallard - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Zhou Z; Li M; Cheng H ; et al. (2018)
An intercross population study reveals genes associated with body size and plumage color in ducks.
engrailed
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Papilio dardanus
African swallowtail butterfly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Timmermans MJTN; Srivathsan A; Collins S ; et al. (2020)
Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engr[...]
ephrin-a4
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Tropheops sp. 'red cheek'
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Albertson RC; Powder KE; Hu Y ; et al. (2014)
Genetic basis of continuous variation in the levels and modular inheritance of pigmentation in cichl[...]
pax3a
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Tropheops sp. 'red cheek'
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Albertson RC; Powder KE; Hu Y ; et al. (2014)
Genetic basis of continuous variation in the levels and modular inheritance of pigmentation in cichl[...]
pax3b
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Tropheops sp. 'red cheek'
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Albertson RC; Powder KE; Hu Y ; et al. (2014)
Genetic basis of continuous variation in the levels and modular inheritance of pigmentation in cichl[...]
zeb1a
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Tropheops sp. 'red cheek'
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Albertson RC; Powder KE; Hu Y ; et al. (2014)
Genetic basis of continuous variation in the levels and modular inheritance of pigmentation in cichl[...]
Pax7
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Maylandia zebra
zebra mbuna - (species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Roberts RB; Ser JR; Kocher TD (2009)
Sexual conflict resolved by invasion of a novel sex determiner in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Glycine soja
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013)
Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Glycine soja
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013)
Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Glycine max
soybean - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
PH4/GmMYB-G20-1
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Glycine max
soybean - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Takahashi R; Benitez ER; Oyoo ME ; et al. (2011 Jul-Aug)
Nonsense mutation of an MYB transcription factor is associated with purple-blue flower color in soyb[...]
R/glyma09g36983
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Glycine max
soybean - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Gillman JD; Tetlow A; Lee JD ; et al. (2011)
Loss-of-function mutations affecting a specific Glycine max R2R3 MYB transcription factor result in [...]
1 Additional References
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Petunia x hybrida
(species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Brugliera F; Barri-Rewell G; Holton TA ; et al. (1999)
Isolation and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase cDNA clone corresponding to the Ht1 loc[...]
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Ipomoea nil
Japanese morning glory - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Hoshino A; Morita Y; Choi JD ; et al. (2003)
Spontaneous mutations of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene conferring reddish flowers in the three m[...]
MYB1
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Ipomoea nil
Japanese morning glory - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Morita Y; Saitoh M; Hoshino A ; et al. (2006)
Isolation of cDNAs for R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WDR transcriptional regulators and identification of c and[...]
WDR1
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Ipomoea nil
Japanese morning glory - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Morita Y; Saitoh M; Hoshino A ; et al. (2006)
Isolation of cDNAs for R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WDR transcriptional regulators and identification of c and[...]
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Glycine soja
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Takahashi R; Dubouzet JG; Matsumura H ; et al. (2010)
A new allele of flower color gene W1 encoding flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase is responsible for light pu[...]
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Phlox drummondii
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Hopkins R; Rausher MD (2011)
Identification of two genes causing reinforcement in the Texas wildflower Phlox drummondii.
R2R3-Myb
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Phlox drummondii
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Hopkins R; Rausher MD (2011)
Identification of two genes causing reinforcement in the Texas wildflower Phlox drummondii.
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Pisum sativum
pea - (species)
Domesticated
Mixed
Moreau C; Ambrose MJ; Turner L ; et al. (2012)
The B gene of pea encodes a defective flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, and confers pink flower color.
PsbHLH = A
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Pisum sativum
pea - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Hellens RP; Moreau C; Lin-Wang K ; et al. (2010)
Identification of Mendel's white flower character.
goldentouch
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Amphilophus citrinellus
Midas cichlid - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Kratochwil CF; Kautt AF; Nater A ; et al. (2022)
An intronic transposon insertion associates with a trans-species color polymorphism in Midas cichlid[...]
Hps4
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Ictalurus punctatus
channel catfish - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Li Y; Geng X; Bao L ; et al. (2017)
A deletion in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4 (Hps4) gene appears to be responsible for albinism in [...]
HvbHLH1
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Hordeum vulgare
(species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Cockram J; White J; Zuluaga DL ; et al. (2010)
Genome-wide association mapping to candidate polymorphism resolution in the unsequenced barley genom[...]
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
Other,
SNP
Vulpes lagopus
Arctic fox - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yan SQ; Hou JN; Bai CY ; et al. (2014)
A base substitution in the donor site of intron 12 of KIT gene is responsible for the dominant white[...]
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Deletion
Sus scrofa domesticus
domestic pig - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Lim HT; Zhong T; Cho IC ; et al. (2011)
Novel alternative splicing by exon skipping in KIT associated with whole-body roan in an intercrosse[...]
1 Additional References
Kit (type III receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) [pseudoreplicate with two Bos taurus KIT entries]
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Complex Change,
Bos grunniens
domestic yak - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Zhang MQ; Xu X; Luo SJ (2014)
The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens).
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Bos grunniens
domestic yak - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Zhang MQ; Xu X; Luo SJ (2014)
The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens).
PMEL17
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Bos grunniens
domestic yak - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Zhang MQ; Xu X; Luo SJ (2014)
The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens).
Kit ligand
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Gasterosteus aculeatus
three-spined stickleback - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Miller CT; Beleza S; Pollen AA ; et al. (2007)
cis-Regulatory changes in Kit ligand expression and parallel evolution of pigmentation in sticklebac[...]
MaMyb2
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Diplacus aurantiacus
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Streisfeld MA; Young WN; Sobel JM (2013)
Divergent selection drives genetic differentiation in an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that contribu[...]
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gross JB; Borowsky R; Tabin CJ (2009)
A novel role for Mc1r in the parallel evolution of depigmentation in independent populations of the [...]
MC1R
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Complex Change
N
Cavia porcellus
domestic guinea pig - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Cone RD; Lu D; Koppula S ; et al. (1996)
The melanocortin receptors: agonists, antagonists, and the hormonal control of pigmentation.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Cavia porcellus
domestic guinea pig - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Yu F; Jiao S; Lai W ; et al. (2018)
Conserved aspartate-to-glycine mutation in tyrosinase is associated with albino phenotype in domesti[...]
MC1R
Coloration
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Chaetodipus intermedius
rock pocket mouse - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Nachman MW; Hoekstra HE; D'Agostino SL (2003)
The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Puma yagouaroundi
jaguarundi - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Eizirik E; Yuhki N; Johnson WE ; et al. (2003)
Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Numida meleagris
helmeted guineafowl - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Vidal O; Araguas RM; Fernández E ; et al. (2010)
Melanism in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is associated with a deletion of Phenylalanine-256 in the[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Panthera onca
jaguar - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Eizirik E; Yuhki N; Johnson WE ; et al. (2003)
Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Rattus rattus
black rat - (species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Kambe Y; Tanikawa T; Matsumoto Y ; et al. (2011)
Origin of agouti-melanistic polymorphism in Wild Black Rats (Rattus rattus) inferred from Mc1r gene [...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Sciurus carolinensis
gray squirrel - (species) D
Sciurus niger
fox squirrel - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
McRobie H; Thomas A; Kelly J (2009 Nov-Dec)
The genetic basis of melanism in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Ursus americanus
American black bear - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Ritland K; Newton C; Marshall HD (2001)
Inheritance and population structure of the white-phased "Kermode" black bear.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Anser caerulescens
snow goose - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mundy NI; Badcock NS; Hart T ; et al. (2004)
Conserved genetic basis of a quantitative plumage trait involved in mate choice.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Coereba flaveola
Bananaquit - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Theron E; Hawkins K; Bermingham E ; et al. (2001)
The molecular basis of an avian plumage polymorphism in the wild: a melanocortin-1-receptor point mu[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Guernsey MW; Ritscher L; Miller MA ; et al. (2013)
A Val85Met mutation in melanocortin-1 receptor is associated with reductions in eumelanic pigmentati[...]
Mlana
Coloration
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Bruders R; Van Hollebeke H; Osborne EJ ; et al. (2020)
A copy number variant is associated with a spectrum of pigmentation patterns in the rock pigeon (Col[...]
ndp (norrin)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Vickrey AI; Bruders R; Kronenberg Z ; et al. (2018)
Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity i[...]
slc2a11b
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Maclary ET; Phillips B; Wauer R ; et al. (2021)
Two Genomic Loci Control Three Eye Colors in the Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia).
2 Additional References
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Domyan ET; Guernsey MW; Kronenberg Z ; et al. (2014)
Epistatic and combinatorial effects of pigmentary gene mutations in the domestic pigeon.
SOX10
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Deletion
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Domyan ET; Guernsey MW; Kronenberg Z ; et al. (2014)
Epistatic and combinatorial effects of pigmentary gene mutations in the domestic pigeon.
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Domyan ET; Guernsey MW; Kronenberg Z ; et al. (2014)
Epistatic and combinatorial effects of pigmentary gene mutations in the domestic pigeon.
ndp (norrin)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
N
Columba livia
rock pigeon - (species) D
Columba guinea
speckled pigeon - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Vickrey AI; Bruders R; Kronenberg Z ; et al. (2018)
Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity i[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Falco eleonorae
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Gangoso L; Grande JM; Ducrest AL ; et al. (2011)
MC1R-dependent, melanin-based colour polymorphism is associated with cell-mediated response in the E[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Falco rusticolus
gyrfalcon - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Johnson JA; Ambers AD; Burnham KK (2012 May-Jun)
Genetics of plumage color in the Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus): analysis of the melanocortin-1 recept[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Malurus leucopterus
white-winged fairy-wren - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Doucet SM; Shawkey MD; Rathburn MK ; et al. (2004)
Concordant evolution of plumage colour, feather microstructure and a melanocortin receptor gene betw[...]
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Stercorarius parasiticus
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Sula leucogaster
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Baião PC; Parker PG (2012 May-Jun)
Evolution of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in Boobies and Gannets (Aves, Suliformes).
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Sula sula
red-footed booby - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Baião PC; Schreiber E; Parker PG (2007 Jul-Aug)
The genetic basis of the plumage polymorphism in red-footed boobies (Sula sula): a melanocortin-1 re[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Aspidoscelis inornatus
Little striped whiptail - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Rosenblum EB; Hoekstra HE; Nachman MW (2004)
Adaptive reptile color variation and the evolution of the Mc1r gene.
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Holbrookia maculata
lesser earless lizard - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Rosenblum EB; Hoekstra HE; Nachman MW (2004)
Adaptive reptile color variation and the evolution of the Mc1r gene.
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Sceloporus undulatus
fence lizard - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Rosenblum EB; Römpler H; Schöneberg T ; et al. (2010)
Molecular and functional basis of phenotypic convergence in white lizards at White Sands.
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Arctocephalus gazella
antarctic fur seal - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Norris BJ; Whan VA (2008)
A gene duplication affecting expression of the ovine ASIP gene is responsible for white and black sh[...]
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Tyto alba
Barn owl - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
San-Jose LM; Ducrest AL; Ducret V ; et al. (2015)
Effect of the MC1R gene on sexual dimorphism in melanin-based colorations.
3 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Rangifer tarandus
reindeer - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Våge DI; Nieminen M; Anderson DG ; et al. (2014)
Two missense mutations in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) are strongly associated with dark ventral c[...]
MC1R
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Ramphastos dicolorus
(species) D
Ramphastos vitellinus
(species) D
Ramphastos tucanus
(species) D
Ramphastos toco
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Corso J; Mundy NI; Fagundes NJ ; et al. (2016)
Evolution of dark colour in toucans (Ramphastidae): a case of molecular adaptation?
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Calidris pugnax
ruff - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Lamichhaney S; Fan G; Widemo F ; et al. (2016)
Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pug[...]
1 Additional References
MC1R
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Leopardus geoffroyi
Geoffroy's cat - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Schneider A; Henegar C; Day K ; et al. (2015)
Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids.
MC1R
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP,
Meleagris gallopavo mexicana
(subspecies) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Vidal O; Viñas J; Pla C (2010)
Variability of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene explains the segregation of the bronze locus [...]
MdMYB10
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Malus domestica
apple - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Chagné D; Carlisle CM; Blond C ; et al. (2007)
Mapping a candidate gene (MdMYB10) for red flesh and foliage colour in apple.
1 Additional References
MdMYB110a
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Malus domestica
apple - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Chagné D; Lin-Wang K; Espley RV ; et al. (2013)
An ancient duplication of apple MYB transcription factors is responsible for novel red fruit-flesh p[...]
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Neovison vison
American mink - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Cirera S; Markakis MN; Christensen K ; et al. (2013)
New insights into the melanophilin (MLPH) gene controlling coat color phenotypes in American mink.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Neovison vison
American mink - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
N
Neovison vison
American mink - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Cirera S; Markakis MN; Kristiansen T ; et al. (2016)
A large insertion in intron 2 of the TYRP1 gene associated with American Palomino phenotype in Ameri[...]
Melanophilin (MLPH)
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Oryctolagus
(genus) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
2 References
Microphtalmia-associated transcription factor a (MITFA)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Deletion
Betta splendens
Siamese fighting fish - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Wang L; Sun F; Wan ZY ; et al. (2021)
Genomic Basis of Striking Fin Shapes and Colors in the Fighting Fish.
Mpv17
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Yang J; Chen X; Bai J ; et al. (2016)
The Sinocyclocheilus cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Yang J; Chen X; Bai J ; et al. (2016)
The Sinocyclocheilus cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation.
MuPKS
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Melopsittacus undulatus
budgerigar - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Cooke TF; Fischer CR; Wu P ; et al. (2017)
Genetic Mapping and Biochemical Basis of Yellow Feather Pigmentation in Budgerigars.
MYB1
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Epigenetic Change
Raphanus sativus
radish - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Wang Q; Wang Y; Sun H ; et al. (2020)
Transposon-induced methylation of the RsMYB1 promoter disturbs the anthocyanin accumulation in red-f[...]
ndp (norrin)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Corvus cornix
hooded crow - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Knief U; Bossu CM; Saino N ; et al. (2019)
Epistatic mutations under divergent selection govern phenotypic variation in the crow hybrid zone.
2 Additional References
Oca2
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Pantherophis guttatus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Saenko SV; Lamichhaney S; Martinez Barrio A ; et al. (2015)
Amelanism in the corn snake is associated with the insertion of an LTR-retrotransposon in the OCA2 g[...]
Oca2
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Melanochromis auratus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Kratochwil CF; Urban S; Meyer A (2019)
Genome of the Malawi golden cichlid fish (Melanochromis auratus) reveals exon loss of oca2 in an ame[...]
Oca2
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Carassius auratus
goldfish - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Kon T; Omori Y; Fukuta K ; et al. (2020)
The Genetic Basis of Morphological Diversity in Domesticated Goldfish.
Optix
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius himera
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Reed RD; Papa R; Martin A ; et al. (2011)
optix drives the repeated convergent evolution of butterfly wing pattern mimicry.
1 Additional References
Optix
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius erato
crimson-patched longwing - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Reed RD; Papa R; Martin A ; et al. (2011)
optix drives the repeated convergent evolution of butterfly wing pattern mimicry.
1 Additional References
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius erato
crimson-patched longwing - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
OsC1
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Deletion
N
Oryza sativa
rice - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Saitoh K; Onishi K; Mikami I ; et al. (2004)
Allelic diversification at the C (OsC1) locus of wild and cultivated rice: nucleotide changes associ[...]
2 Additional References
Rc
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Oryza sativa
rice - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Sweeney MT; Thomson MJ; Cho YG ; et al. (2007)
Global dissemination of a single mutation conferring white pericarp in rice.
2 Additional References
pannier
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Harmonia axyridis
(species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Ando T; Niimi T (2019)
Development and evolution of color patterns in ladybird beetles: A case study in Harmonia axyridis.
2 Additional References
PAP1
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Deletion
N
Arabidopsis thaliana
thale cress - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ilk N; Ding J; Ihnatowicz A ; et al. (2015)
Natural variation for anthocyanin accumulation under high-light and low-temperature stress is attrib[...]
1 Additional References
PAP2
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Arabidopsis thaliana
thale cress - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ilk N; Ding J; Ihnatowicz A ; et al. (2015)
Natural variation for anthocyanin accumulation under high-light and low-temperature stress is attrib[...]
pax7a
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Labeotropheus trewavasae
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Roberts RB; Moore EC; Kocher TD (2017)
An allelic series at pax7a is associated with colour polymorphism diversity in Lake Malawi cichlid f[...]
pdm3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Complex Change
Drosophila serrata
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yassin A; Delaney EK; Reddiex AJ ; et al. (2016)
The pdm3 Locus Is a Hotspot for Recurrent Evolution of Female-Limited Color Dimorphism in Drosophila[...]
pdm3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila kikkawai
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yassin A; Delaney EK; Reddiex AJ ; et al. (2016)
The pdm3 Locus Is a Hotspot for Recurrent Evolution of Female-Limited Color Dimorphism in Drosophila[...]
pdm3
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila burlai
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yassin A; Delaney EK; Reddiex AJ ; et al. (2016)
The pdm3 Locus Is a Hotspot for Recurrent Evolution of Female-Limited Color Dimorphism in Drosophila[...]
prolyl endopeptidase (PREP)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Uta stansburiana
(species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Corl A; Bi K; Luke C ; et al. (2018)
The Genetic Basis of Adaptation following Plastic Changes in Coloration in a Novel Environment.
protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha (PRKAR1A)
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Uta stansburiana
(species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Corl A; Bi K; Luke C ; et al. (2018)
The Genetic Basis of Adaptation following Plastic Changes in Coloration in a Novel Environment.
Rc
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
N
Oryza glaberrima
African rice - (species)
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Gross BL; Steffen FT; Olsen KM (2010)
The molecular basis of white pericarps in African domesticated rice: novel mutations at the Rc gene.
ROSEA
Coloration
Unknown,
Unknown
Antirrhinum majus
snapdragon - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Whibley AC; Langlade NB; Andalo C ; et al. (2006)
Evolutionary paths underlying flower color variation in Antirrhinum.
Ruby
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Citrus sinensis
sweet orange - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Butelli E; Licciardello C; Zhang Y ; et al. (2012)
Retrotransposons control fruit-specific, cold-dependent accumulation of anthocyanins in blood orange[...]
SLC45A2=MATP
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Oryzias latipes
Japanese medaka - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
2 References
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Oryzias latipes
Japanese medaka - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Koga A; Hori H (1997)
Albinism due to transposable element insertion in fish.
SlMYBATV
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Solanum cheesmaniae
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Cao X; Qiu Z; Wang X ; et al. (2017)
A putative R3 MYB repressor is the candidate gene underlying atroviolacium, a locus for anthocyanin [...]
Sox5/6
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Hypolimnas misippus
(species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
VanKuren NW; Massardo D; Nallu S ; et al. (2019)
Butterfly Mimicry Polymorphisms Highlight Phylogenetic Limits of Gene Reuse in the Evolution of Dive[...]
tan
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila erecta
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yassin A; Bastide H; Chung H ; et al. (2016)
Ancient balancing selection at tan underlies female colour dimorphism in Drosophila erecta.
Taqpep
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Acinonyx jubatus
cheetah - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Kaelin CB; Xu X; Hong LZ ; et al. (2012)
Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats.
TT8
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Brassica rapa
field mustard - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Li X; Chen L; Hong M ; et al. (2012)
A large insertion in bHLH transcription factor BrTT8 resulting in yellow seed coat in Brassica rapa.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Panthera leo
lion - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Cho YS; Hu L; Hou H ; et al. (2013)
The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Mustela putorius furo
domestic ferret - (subspecies) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Blaszczyk WM; Distler C; Dekomien G ; et al. (2007)
Identification of a tyrosinase (TYR) exon 4 deletion in albino ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
Megaptera novaeangliae
humpback whale - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Polanowski AM; Robinson-Laverick SM; Paton D ; et al. (2012 Jan-Feb)
Variation in the tyrosinase gene associated with a white humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Fejervarya kawamurai
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Miura I; Tagami M; Fujitani T ; et al. (2018)
Spontaneous tyrosinase mutations identified in albinos of three wild frog species.
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
Deletion
N
Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus
(subspecies) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mae Y; Nagara K; Miyazaki M ; et al. (2020)
Complex intragene deletion leads to oculocutaneous albinism in tanuki (Japanese raccoon dog).
tyrosinase (TYR)
Coloration
Coding,
SNP
Cervus elaphus
red deer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Reiner G; Tramberend K; Nietfeld F ; et al. (2020)
A genome-wide scan study identifies a single nucleotide substitution in the tyrosinase gene associat[...]
tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Falco cherrug
Saker falcon - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Cortimiglia C; Castiglioni B; Pizzi F ; et al. (2017)
Involvement of tyrosinase-related protein 1 gene in the light brown plumage phenotype of Falco cherr[...]
UGT86 (Bm-UGT10286)
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Deletion
N
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Daimon T; Hirayama C; Kanai M ; et al. (2010)
The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons w[...]
1 Additional References
VvMYBA1
Coloration
6 Mutations:
Vitis vinifera
wine grape - (species) D
Domesticated
Mixed
5 References
VvMybA1 VvMybA2 VvMybA3 and VvMybA4
Coloration
Gene Loss,
Complex Change
N
Vitis vinifera
wine grape - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Carbonell-Bejerano P; Royo C; Torres-Pérez R ; et al. (2017)
Catastrophic Unbalanced Genome Rearrangements Cause Somatic Loss of Berry Color in Grapevine.
VvMYBA2
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Vitis vinifera
wine grape - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
2 References
VvMYBA3
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Vitis vinifera
wine grape - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Fournier-Level A; Le Cunff L; Gomez C ; et al. (2009)
Quantitative genetic bases of anthocyanin variation in grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) berry: [...]
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius hecale
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius ismenius
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
WntA
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Limenitis arthemis
white admiral - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gallant JR; Imhoff VE; Martin A ; et al. (2014)
Ancient homology underlies adaptive mimetic diversity across butterflies.
WntA
Coloration
3 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Heliconius erato
crimson-patched longwing - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Martin A; Papa R; Nadeau NJ ; et al. (2012)
Diversification of complex butterfly wing patterns by repeated regulatory evolution of a Wnt ligand.
Y
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
Sorghum bicolor
sorghum - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Chopra S; Brendel V; Zhang J ; et al. (1999)
Molecular characterization of a mutable pigmentation phenotype and isolation of the first active tra[...]
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Drosophila gunungcola
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Prud'homme B; Gompel N; Rokas A ; et al. (2006)
Repeated morphological evolution through cis-regulatory changes in a pleiotropic gene.
1 Additional References
yellow
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila biarmipes
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Gompel N; Prud'homme B; Wittkopp PJ ; et al. (2005)
Chance caught on the wing: cis-regulatory evolution and the origin of pigment patterns in Drosophila[...]
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila mimetica
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Prud'homme B; Gompel N; Rokas A ; et al. (2006)
Repeated morphological evolution through cis-regulatory changes in a pleiotropic gene.
yellow
Coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Drosophila tristis
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Prud'homme B; Gompel N; Rokas A ; et al. (2006)
Repeated morphological evolution through cis-regulatory changes in a pleiotropic gene.
yellow
Coloration
Coding,
Insertion
N
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Heinze SD; Kohlbrenner T; Ippolito D ; et al. (2017)
CRISPR-Cas9 targeted disruption of the yellow ortholog in the housefly identifies the brown body loc[...]
Agouti (ASIP)
Coloration
Lifespan
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Ovis aries
sheep - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gratten J; Pilkington JG; Brown EA ; et al. (2010)
The genetic basis of recessive self-colour pattern in a wild sheep population.
1 Additional References
EDN3
Coloration
Coloration
Hearing
Unknown,
Unknown
Lama glama
llama - (species) D
Vicugna pacos
alpaca - (species) D
Domesticated
Candidate Gene
Fan R; Gu Z; Guang X ; et al. (2020)
Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca.
FST/MOCS2
coloration
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Erythrura gouldiae
Gouldian finch - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Toomey MB; Marques CI; Andrade P ; et al. (2018)
A non-coding region near Follistatin controls head colour polymorphism in the Gouldian finch.
1 Additional References
HUA2
Coloration
Flowering time
Coding,
Unknown
N
Arabidopsis thaliana
thale cress - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ilk N; Ding J; Ihnatowicz A ; et al. (2015)
Natural variation for anthocyanin accumulation under high-light and low-temperature stress is attrib[...]
1 Additional References
Oca2
Catecholamine metabolism
Coloration
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Deletion
N
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Protas ME; Hersey C; Kochanek D ; et al. (2006)
Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals molecular convergence in the evolution of albinism.
2 Additional References
phytochrome D (PHYD)
Coloration
Cotyledon morphology
Leaf morphology
Plant architecture
Plant size
Coding,
Deletion
N
Arabidopsis thaliana
thale cress - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Aukerman MJ; Hirschfeld M; Wester L ; et al. (1997)
A deletion in the PHYD gene of the Arabidopsis Wassilewskija ecotype defines a role for phytochrome [...]