GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000012
Main curator
Martin
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Heliothis virescens - Bt susceptible
Trait State in Taxon B
Heliothis virescens - Bt resistant
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
tobacco budworm
Synonyms
tobacco budworm; Chloridea virescens; Helicoverpa virescens; Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1777)
Rank
species
Lineage
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poda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Noctuoidea; Noctuidae; Heliothinae; Heliothis
Parent
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
tobacco budworm
Synonyms
tobacco budworm; Chloridea virescens; Helicoverpa virescens; Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1777)
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ...
poda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Noctuoidea; Noctuidae; Heliothinae; Heliothis
Parent
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
ABCC2
Synonyms
-
String
-
Sequence Similarities
-
GO - Molecular Function
GO:0005524 : ATP binding
... show more
GO - Biological Process
-
GO - Cellular Component
UniProtKB
Plutella xylostella
Plutella xylostella
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
Deletion Size
10-99 bp
Molecular Details of the Mutation
22bp deletion
Experimental Evidence
Main Reference
Authors
Gahan LJ; Pauchet Y; Vogel H; Heckel DG
Abstract
Transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are commercially successful in reducing pest damage, yet knowledge of resistance mechanisms that threaten their sustainability is incomplete. Insect resistance to the pore-forming Cry1Ac toxin is correlated with the loss of high-affinity, irreversible binding to the mid-gut membrane, but the genetic factors responsible for this change have been elusive. Mutations in a 12-cadherin-domain protein confer some Cry1Ac resistance but do not block this toxin binding in in vitro assays. We sought to identify mutations in other genes that might be responsible for the loss of binding. We employed a map-based cloning approach using a series of backcrosses with 1,060 progeny to identify a resistance gene in the cotton pest Heliothis virescens that segregated independently from the cadherin mutation. We found an inactivating mutation of the ABC transporter ABCC2 that is genetically linked to Cry1Ac resistance and is correlated with loss of Cry1Ac binding to membrane vesicles. ABC proteins are integral membrane proteins with many functions, including export of toxic molecules from the cell, but have not been implicated in the mode of action of Bt toxins before. The reduction in toxin binding due to the inactivating mutation suggests that ABCC2 is involved in membrane integration of the toxin pore. Our findings suggest that ABC proteins may play a key role in the mode of action of Bt toxins and that ABC protein mutations can confer high levels of resistance that could threaten the continued utilization of Bt-expressing crops. However, such mutations may impose a physiological cost on resistant insects, by reducing export of other toxins such as plant secondary compounds from the cell. This weakness could be exploited to manage this mechanism of Bt resistance in the field.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
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