GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00001446
Main curator
Prigent
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Wild barley with grain falling at maturity brittle form - cultivar Kanto Nakate Gold (KNG) with wild type Brt2 allele
Trait State in Taxon B
barley with grain retained on the inflorescence at maturity non-brittle form - cultivar Azumamugi (AZ)
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Common Name
-
Synonyms
barley; Hordeum vulgare L.; Horedum vulgare
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... yta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; commelinids; Poales; Poaceae; BOP clade; Pooideae; Triticodae; Triticeae; Hordeinae; Hordeum
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
Yes
Taxon A Description
Wild barley with grain falling at maturity brittle form - cultivar Kanto Nakate Gold (KNG) with wild type Brt2 allele
Taxon B
Common Name
domesticated barley
Synonyms
Hordeum sativum; Hordeum vulgare var. nudum; Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare; domesticated barley; two-rowed barley; Hordeum sativum Jess.; Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Spenn.
Rank
subspecies
Lineage
Show more ... ; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Mesangiospermae; Liliopsida; Petrosaviidae; commelinids; Poales; Poaceae; BOP clade; Pooideae; Triticodae; Triticeae; Hordeinae; Hordeum; Hordeum vulgare
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
Yes
Taxon B Description
Barley with grain retained on the inflorescence at maturity non-brittle form - cultivar Azumamugi (AZ)
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
BTR2
Synonyms
btr2
String
-
Sequence Similarities
-
GO - Molecular Function
-
GO - Biological Process
-
GO - Cellular Component
-
UniProtKB
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
Yes
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
Deletion Size
10-99 bp
Molecular Details of the Mutation
11bp deletion at position 254-264 creating a frameshift
Experimental Evidence
Authors
Pourkheirandish M; Hensel G; Kilian B; Senthil N; Chen G; Sameri M; Azhaguvel P; Sakuma S; et al. ... show more
Abstract
About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Additional References
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Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
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