GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00001467
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
No sex ratio distortion when crossed with sensitive strains
Trait State in Taxon B
Sex ratio distortion when crossed with sensitive strains
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
-
Rank
species
Lineage
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Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Eremoneura; Cyclorrhapha; Schizophora; Acalyptratae; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophilinae; Drosophilini; Drosophila; Sophophora; melanogaster group; melanogaster subgroup
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
-
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ...
Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Eremoneura; Cyclorrhapha; Schizophora; Acalyptratae; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophilinae; Drosophilini; Drosophila; Sophophora; melanogaster group; melanogaster subgroup
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
HP1D2
Synonyms
Dsim\GD16106; dsim_GLEANR_16343; GD16106; HP1D2; Dsim_GD16106
String
-
Sequence Similarities
-
GO - Molecular Function
-
GO - Biological Process
-
GO - Cellular Component
UniProtKB
Drosophila simulans
Drosophila simulans
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
Deletion Size
100-999 bp
Molecular Details of the Mutation
deletion of 371bp that removes one-half (371bp) of the HP1D2 coding sequence resulting in a frameshift that prevents the translation of the C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) mediating protein
Experimental Evidence
Main Reference
Authors
Helleu Q; Gérard PR; Dubruille R; Ogereau D; Prud'homme B; Loppin B; Montchamp-Moreau C
Abstract
Sex chromosome meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian transmission of sex chromosomes, is the expression of an intragenomic conflict that can have extreme evolutionary consequences. However, the molecular bases of such conflicts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a young and rapidly evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene, HP1D2, plays a key role in the classical Paris sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drive occurring in Drosophila simulans Driver HP1D2 alleles prevent the segregation of the Y chromatids during meiosis II, causing female-biased sex ratio in progeny. HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting that it controls the segregation of sister chromatids through heterochromatin modification. We show that Paris SR drive is a consequence of dysfunctional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that the rapid evolution of genes controlling the heterochromatin structure can be a significant source of intragenomic conflicts.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@Epistasis - The phenotype is present in males only and is observed by assessing the sex ratio in its progeny when crossed with a sensitive female carrying standard chromosomes (with no suppressor loci). The HP1D2 gene has been lost in D. melanogaster; but is found in many other Drosophila species. Null mutation. A sex ratio distortion phenotype appears when abolishing the HP1D2 gene and is rescued by a full coding HP1D2 gene. Epistatic interactions with many loci : (1) the level of sex ratio distortion caused by the HP1D2 locus is influenced by another X-linked locus named Dp[SR] whose underlying causing gene(s) have not yet been identified. (2) the sex ratio distortion is also abolished by autosomal suppressor loci whose underlying causing genes have not yet been identified. (3) there are sensitive Y chromosomes and insensitive Y chromosomes in D. simulans.
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