GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00001473
Main curator
Prigent
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Peach-potato aphid 4106A does not survive for 144h on a diet containing 30ppm nicotine ; tobacco aphid JR with 100% mortality at 144h on a diet containing 320ppm nicotine
Trait State in Taxon B
Tobacco aphid 5410R with 7% mortality at 144h on a diet containing 320ppm nicotine ; tobacco aphid 5191A survive for 144h on a diet containing 30ppm nicotine
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
green peach aphid
Synonyms
Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae; green peach aphid; peach-potato aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776); Myzus persiceae
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... Arthropoda; Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Paraneoptera; Hemiptera; Sternorrhyncha; Aphidomorpha; Aphidoidea; Aphididae; Aphidinae; Macrosiphini; Myzus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
Yes
Taxon A Description
Peach-potato aphid 4106A does not survive for 144h on a diet containing 30ppm nicotine ; tobacco aphid JR with 100% mortality at 144h on a diet containing 320ppm nicotine
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
green peach aphid
Synonyms
Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae; green peach aphid; peach-potato aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776); Myzus persiceae
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... Arthropoda; Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Paraneoptera; Hemiptera; Sternorrhyncha; Aphidomorpha; Aphidoidea; Aphididae; Aphidinae; Macrosiphini; Myzus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
Yes
Taxon B Description
tobacco aphid 5410R with 7% mortality at 144h on a diet containing 320ppm nicotine ; tobacco aphid 5191A survive for 144h on a diet containing 30ppm nicotine
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
UniProtKB
Myzus persicae
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
Insertion Size
100-1000 kb
Molecular Details of the Mutation
gene amplification (from 2 to 14-100 copies) - CYP6CY3 and neighboring gene CYP6CY4 are duplicated in M. p. nicotianae as a large amplicon of ~325 kb creating characteristic breakpoints identifying the region. CYP6CY4 and CYP6CY3 are highly effective at metabolizing nicotine to its nontoxic metabolite cotinine.
Experimental Evidence
Authors
Bass C; Zimmer CT; Riveron JM; Wilding CS; Wondji CS; Kaussmann M; Field LM; Williamson MS; et al. ... show more
Abstract
Host plant shifts of herbivorous insects may be a first step toward sympatric speciation and can create new pests of agriculturally important crops; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process are poorly understood. Certain races of the polyphagous aphid Myzus persicae have recently adapted to feed on tobacco (Myzus persicae nicotianae) and show a reduced sensitivity to the plant alkaloid nicotine and cross-resistance to neonicotinoids a class of synthetic insecticides widely used for control. Here we show constitutive overexpression of a cytochrome P450 (CYP6CY3) allows tobacco-adapted races of M. persicae to efficiently detoxify nicotine and has preadapted them to resist neonicotinoid insecticides. CYP6CY3, is highly overexpressed in M. persicae nicotianae clones from three continents compared with M. persicae s.s. and expression level is significantly correlated with tolerance to nicotine. CYP6CY3 is highly efficient (compared with the primary human nicotine-metabolizing P450) at metabolizing nicotine and neonicotinoids to less toxic metabolites in vitro and generation of transgenic Drosophila expressing CYP6CY3 demonstrate that it confers resistance to both compounds in vivo. Overexpression of CYP6CY3 results from the expansion of a dinucleotide microsatellite in the promoter region and a recent gene amplification, with some aphid clones carrying up to 100 copies. We conclude that the mutations leading to overexpression of CYP6CY3 were a prerequisite for the host shift of M. persicae to tobacco and that gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism are evolutionary drivers in insect host adaptation.
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
Massive Gene Aplification ; tobacco-adapted clones showing a 7- to 49- fold increase in gene copy number (from 2 copies in the diploid M. persicae s.s. clones to 100 copies in the M. persicae nicotianae clones). @TE Additional copies of CYP6CY3 were found at a novel locus as part of a much smaller (~14 kb) amplicon associated with two transposable element insertions. These nested insertions occur immediately adjacent to the 5′ breakpoint; strongly suggesting they played a role in the mobilization of CYP6CY3 to the new loci; either indirectly by acting as substrates for non-allelic homologous recombination or directly via alternative transposition. Sequencing of the CYP6CY3 coding sequence and 5′ flanking region supports a single origin and then global spread of the amplification event and also suggests it occurred recently.
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