GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00001505
Main curator
Prigent
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Snub-nosed monkey of lowland regions (R. avunculus)
Trait State in Taxon B
Snub-nosed monkey of high-altitude habitats (R. strykeri & R. bieti)
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey
Synonyms
Pygathrix avunculus; Tonkin snub-nosed monkey; Dollman's snub-nosed monkey; Rhinopithecus avunculus (Dollman, 1912)
Rank
species
Lineage
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podomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Boreoeutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Simiiformes; Catarrhini; Cercopithecoidea; Cercopithecidae; Colobinae; Rhinopithecus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #1
Latin Name
Common Name
Burmese snub-nosed monkey
Synonyms
Burmese snub-nosed monkey; Myanmar snub-nosed monkey; Rhinopithecus strykeri Geissmann et al., 2010
Rank
species
Lineage
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podomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Boreoeutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Simiiformes; Catarrhini; Cercopithecoidea; Cercopithecidae; Colobinae; Rhinopithecus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #2
Latin Name
Common Name
black snub-nosed monkey
Synonyms
Pygathrix bieti; black snub-nosed monkey
Rank
species
Lineage
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podomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Boreoeutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Simiiformes; Catarrhini; Cercopithecoidea; Cercopithecidae; Colobinae; Rhinopithecus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
RNASE4
Synonyms
RAB1; RNS4
String
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family.
GO - Molecular Function
GO:0003676 : nucleic acid binding
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GO - Biological Process
GO - Cellular Component
UniProtKB
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Mutation #1
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
p.Asn89Lys & p.Thr128Ile
Experimental Evidence
| Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codon | - | - | - |
| Amino-acid | Asn | Lys | 89 |
Main Reference
Authors
Yu L; Wang GD; Ruan J; Chen YB; Yang CP; Cao X; Wu H; Liu YH; et al.
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Abstract
The snub-nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus includes five closely related species distributed across altitudinal gradients from 800 to 4,500 m. Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus roxellana, and Rhinopithecus strykeri inhabit high-altitude habitats, whereas Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus avunculus inhabit lowland regions. We report the de novo whole-genome sequence of R. bieti and genomic sequences for the four other species. Eight shared substitutions were found in six genes related to lung function, DNA repair, and angiogenesis in the high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys. Functional assays showed that the high-altitude variant of CDT1 (Ala537Val) renders cells more resistant to UV irradiation, and the high-altitude variants of RNASE4 (Asn89Lys and Thr128Ile) confer enhanced ability to induce endothelial tube formation in vitro. Genomic scans in the R. bieti and R. roxellana populations identified signatures of selection between and within populations at genes involved in functions relevant to high-altitude adaptation. These results provide valuable insights into the adaptation to high altitude in the snub-nosed monkeys.
Additional References
Mutation #2
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
p.Asn89Lys & p.Thr128Ile
Experimental Evidence
| Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codon | - | - | - |
| Amino-acid | Thr | Ile | 128 |
Main Reference
Authors
Yu L; Wang GD; Ruan J; Chen YB; Yang CP; Cao X; Wu H; Liu YH; et al.
... show more
Abstract
The snub-nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus includes five closely related species distributed across altitudinal gradients from 800 to 4,500 m. Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus roxellana, and Rhinopithecus strykeri inhabit high-altitude habitats, whereas Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus avunculus inhabit lowland regions. We report the de novo whole-genome sequence of R. bieti and genomic sequences for the four other species. Eight shared substitutions were found in six genes related to lung function, DNA repair, and angiogenesis in the high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys. Functional assays showed that the high-altitude variant of CDT1 (Ala537Val) renders cells more resistant to UV irradiation, and the high-altitude variants of RNASE4 (Asn89Lys and Thr128Ile) confer enhanced ability to induce endothelial tube formation in vitro. Genomic scans in the R. bieti and R. roxellana populations identified signatures of selection between and within populations at genes involved in functions relevant to high-altitude adaptation. These results provide valuable insights into the adaptation to high altitude in the snub-nosed monkeys.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
No matches found.
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@SeveralMutationsWithEffect Common substitution observed in high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys. identified as evolving under positive selection along the lineage containing R. bieti and R. strykeri and the lineage leading to R. roxellana. RNASE4 has been reported to induce angiogenesis. Variant RNASE4 (Asn89Lys and Thr128Ile; 1 ?g/ml concentration) showed higher activity in inducing tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures in Matrigel than reference RNASE4.
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