GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00001696
Main curator
admin
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Sensitive to Pyrethroids
Trait State in Taxon B
Resistant to Pyrethroids
Ancestral State
Data not curated
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Anopheles paraliae Sandosham, 1959
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Diptera; Nematocera; Culicomorpha; Culicoidea; Culicidae; Anophelinae; Anopheles; Anopheles; Laticorn; Myzorhynchus; hyrcanus group; lesteri subgroup
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Anopheles paraliae Sandosham, 1959
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Diptera; Nematocera; Culicomorpha; Culicoidea; Culicidae; Anophelinae; Anopheles; Anopheles; Laticorn; Myzorhynchus; hyrcanus group; lesteri subgroup
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
L1014S
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon TTG TCG -
Amino-acid Leu Ser 1014
Authors
Verhaeghen K; Van Bortel W; Trung HD; Sochantha T; Keokenchanh K; Coosemans M
Abstract
In the Mekong region (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos), a large investigation was conducted to assess the susceptibility of Anopheles species against DDT and pyrethroids. In this study, the resistance status of the potential malaria vectors An. vagus, An. sinensis, An. paraliae and An. peditaeniatus was assessed.

Bioassays were performed on field collected unfed female mosquitoes using the standard WHO susceptibility tests. In addition, the DIIS6 region of the para-type sodium channel gene was amplified and sequenced and four allele-specific PCR assays were developed to assess the kdr frequencies.

In Southern Vietnam all species were DDT and pyrethroid resistant, which might suggest the presence of a kdr resistance mechanism. Sequence-analysis of the DIIS6 region of the para-type sodium channel gene revealed the presence of a L1014S kdr mutation in An. vagus, An. sinensis and An. paraliae. In An. peditaeniatus, a low frequency L1014S kdr mutation was found in combination with a high frequency L1014F kdr mutation. For pyrethroids and DDT, no genotypic differentiation was found between survivors and non-survivors for any of these species. In the two widespread species, An. vagus and An. sinensis, kdr was found only in southern Vietnam and in Cambodia near the Vietnamese border.

Different levels of resistance were measured in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The kdr mutation in different Anopheles species seems to occur in the same geographical area. These species breed in open agricultural lands where malaria endemicity is low or absent and vector control programs less intensive. It is therefore likely that the selection pressure occurred on the larval stages by insecticides used for agricultural purposes.
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
No matches found.
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
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COMMENTS
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