GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00002472
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Nilaparvata lugens - sensitive
Trait State in Taxon B
Nilaparvata lugens - resistant
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Common Name
brown planthopper
Synonyms
brown planthopper; Nilaparvata lugens (Stal, 1854); Nalaparvata lugens
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ; Arthropoda; Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Paraneoptera; Hemiptera; Auchenorrhyncha; Fulgoromorpha; Fulgoroidea; Delphacidae; Delphacinae; Nilaparvata
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Common Name
brown planthopper
Synonyms
brown planthopper; Nilaparvata lugens (Stal, 1854); Nalaparvata lugens
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ; Arthropoda; Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Paraneoptera; Hemiptera; Auchenorrhyncha; Fulgoromorpha; Fulgoroidea; Delphacidae; Delphacinae; Nilaparvata
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
UniProtKB
Nilaparvata lugens
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Nilaparvata lugens
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
T318S substitution results in a marked (20-fold) and significant increase in resistance compared to the wild-type susceptible variant.
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon - - -
Amino-acid Thr Ser 318
Authors
Zimmer CT; Garrood WT; Singh KS; Randall E; Lueke B; Gutbrod O; Matthiesen S; Kohler M; et al. ... show more
Abstract
Gene duplication is a major source of genetic variation that has been shown to underpin the evolution of a wide range of adaptive traits [1, 2]. For example, duplication or amplification of genes encoding detoxification enzymes has been shown to play an important role in the evolution of insecticide resistance [3-5]. In this context, gene duplication performs an adaptive function as a result of its effects on gene dosage and not as a source of functional novelty [3, 6-8]. Here, we show that duplication and neofunctionalization of a cytochrome P450, CYP6ER1, led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper. Considerable genetic variation was observed in the coding sequence of CYP6ER1 in populations of brown planthopper collected from across Asia, but just two sequence variants are highly overexpressed in resistant strains and metabolize imidacloprid. Both variants are characterized by profound amino-acid alterations in substrate recognition sites, and the introduction of these mutations into a susceptible P450 sequence is sufficient to confer resistance. CYP6ER1 is duplicated in resistant strains with individuals carrying paralogs with and without the gain-of-function mutations. Despite numerical parity in the genome, the susceptible and mutant copies exhibit marked asymmetry in their expression with the resistant paralogs overexpressed. In the primary resistance-conferring CYP6ER1 variant, this results from an extended region of novel sequence upstream of the gene that provides enhanced expression. Our findings illustrate the versatility of gene duplication in providing opportunities for functional and regulatory innovation during the evolution of an adaptive trait.

Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@Epistasis. When T318S is combined with P377del (as seen in CYP6ER1vB); an epistatic interaction was observed with the resistance conferred by the double mutation (20-fold) less than the sums of the effects of the component single mutations. In contrast; an additive interaction is observed when T318S is combined with A375del+A376P (as observed in CYP6ER1vA); with this combination exhibiting the highest resistance of all mutant lines (35-fold).
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