GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00002573
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Tetranychus urticae - sensitive
Trait State in Taxon B
Tetranychus urticae - resistant
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Common Name
two-spotted spider mite
Synonyms
two-spotted spider mite; red spider mite; twospotted mite; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ia; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Panarthropoda; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Acari; Acariformes; Trombidiformes; Prostigmata; Eleutherengona; Raphignathae; Tetranychoidea; Tetranychidae; Tetranychus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Common Name
two-spotted spider mite
Synonyms
two-spotted spider mite; red spider mite; twospotted mite; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... ia; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Panarthropoda; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Acari; Acariformes; Trombidiformes; Prostigmata; Eleutherengona; Raphignathae; Tetranychoidea; Tetranychidae; Tetranychus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
UniProtKB
Drosophila melanogaster
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
F331W
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon - - -
Amino-acid - - -
Authors
Khajehali J; Van Leeuwen T; Grispou M; Morou E; Alout H; Weill M; Tirry L; Vontas J; et al. ... show more
Abstract
In Tetranychus urticae Koch, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity is often involved in organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CARB) resistance. By combining toxicological, biochemical and molecular data from three reference laboratory and three OP selected strains (OP strains), the AChE1 mutations associated with resistance in T. urticae were characterised.

The resistance ratios of the OP strains varied from 9 to 43 for pirimiphos-methyl, from 78 to 586 for chlorpyrifos, from 8 to 333 for methomyl and from 137 to 4164 for dimethoate. The insecticide concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the AChE1 activity was, in the OP strains, at least 2.7, 55, 58 and 31 times higher for the OP pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon and omethoate respectively, and 87 times higher for the CARB carbaryl. By comparing the AChE1 sequence, four amino acid substitutions were detected in the OP strains: (1) F331W (Torpedo numbering) in all the three OP strains; (2) T280A found in the three OP strains but not in all clones; (3) G328A, found in two OP strains; (4) A201S found in only one OP strain.

Four AChE1 mutations were found in resistant strains of T. urticae, and three of them, F331W, G328A and A201S, are possibly involved in resistance to OP and CARB insecticides. Among them, F331W is probably the most important and the most common in T. urticae. It can be easily detected by the diagnostic PCR-RLFP assay developed in this study.
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