GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000004
Main curator
Martin
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Helicoverpa armigera - Bt-Cry2Ab susceptible
Trait State in Taxon B
Helicoverpa armigera - Bt-Cry2Ab resistant
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Common Name
cotton bollworm
Synonyms
Heliothis (Helicoverpa) armigera; Heliothis armigera; cotton bollworm; American bollworm; corn ear worm; scarce bordered straw; tobacco budworm; Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1808)
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... da; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Noctuoidea; Noctuidae; Heliothinae; Helicoverpa
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Common Name
cotton bollworm
Synonyms
Heliothis (Helicoverpa) armigera; Heliothis armigera; cotton bollworm; American bollworm; corn ear worm; scarce bordered straw; tobacco budworm; Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1808)
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... da; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Noctuoidea; Noctuidae; Heliothinae; Helicoverpa
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
ABCA2
Synonyms
-
String
-
Sequence Similarities
-
GO - Biological Process
-
UniProtKB
Helicoverpa armigera
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
Yes
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
Insertion Size
1-9 bp
Molecular Details of the Mutation
5bp (GAATA) nucleotide duplication inducing a frameshift
Experimental Evidence
Authors
Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG; Walsh TK; Downes S; James WJ; Lee SF; Reineke A; et al. ... show more
Abstract
The use of conventional chemical insecticides and bacterial toxins to control lepidopteran pests of global agriculture has imposed significant selection pressure leading to the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. Transgenic crops (e.g., cotton) expressing the Bt Cry toxins are now used world wide to control these pests, including the highly polyphagous and invasive cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Since 2004, the Cry2Ab toxin has become widely used for controlling H. armigera, often used in combination with Cry1Ac to delay resistance evolution. Isolation of H. armigera and H. punctigera individuals heterozygous for Cry2Ab resistance in 2002 and 2004, respectively, allowed aspects of Cry2Ab resistance (level, fitness costs, genetic dominance, complementation tests) to be characterised in both species. However, the gene identity and genetic changes conferring this resistance were unknown, as was the detailed Cry2Ab mode of action. No cross-resistance to Cry1Ac was observed in mutant lines. Biphasic linkage analysis of a Cry2Ab-resistant H. armigera family followed by exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) marker mapping and candidate gene sequencing identified three independent resistance-associated INDEL mutations in an ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter gene we named HaABCA2. A deletion mutation was also identified in the H. punctigera homolog from the resistant line. All mutations truncate the ABCA2 protein. Isolation of further Cry2Ab resistance alleles in the same gene from field H. armigera populations indicates unequal resistance allele frequencies and the potential for Bt resistance evolution. Identification of the gene involved in resistance as an ABC transporter of the A subfamily adds to the body of evidence on the crucial role this gene family plays in the mode of action of the Bt Cry toxins. The structural differences between the ABCA2, and that of the C subfamily required for Cry1Ac toxicity, indicate differences in the detailed mode-of-action of the two Bt Cry toxins.
Additional References
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
Parallelism - intraspecific and interspecific
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