GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000504
Main curator
Martin
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Other primates
Trait State in Taxon B
Homo sapiens
Ancestral State
Data not curated
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Primata; Primates Linnaeus, 1758
Rank
order
Lineage
Show more ... erostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Boreoeutheria; Euarchontoglires
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
human
Synonyms
human; man; Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758; Home sapiens; Homo sampiens; Homo sapeins; Homo sapian; Homo sapians; Homo sapien; Homo sapience; Homo sapiense; Homo sapients; Homo sapines; Homo spaiens; Homo spiens; Humo sapiens
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... opterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amniota; Mammalia; Theria; Eutheria; Boreoeutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Simiiformes; Catarrhini; Hominoidea; Hominidae; Homininae; Homo
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
UniProtKB
Homo sapiens
GenebankID or UniProtKB
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
Molecular Details of the Mutation
1bp substitution in promoter
Experimental Evidence
Authors
Rockman MV; Hahn MW; Soranzo N; Goldstein DB; Wray GA
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the multifunctional cytokine Interleukin 4 (IL4) affects the binding of NFAT, a key transcriptional activator of IL4 in T cells. This regulatory polymorphism influences the balance of cytokine signaling in the immune system, with important consequences-positive and negative-for human health. We determined that the NFAT binding site is unique to humans; it arose by point mutation along the lineage separating humans from other great apes. We show that its frequency distribution among human subpopulations has been shaped by the balance of selective forces on IL4's diverse roles. New statistical approaches, based on parametric and nonparametric comparisons to neutral variants typed in the same individuals, indicate that differentiation among subpopulations at the IL4 promoter polymorphism is too great to be attributed to neutral drift. The allele frequencies of this binding site represent local adaptation to diverse pathogenic challenges; disease states associated with the common derived allele are side-effects of positive selection on other IL4 functions.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
EXTERNAL LINKS
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