GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000702
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
non-bufonid hyloid frogs - sensitive
Trait State in Taxon B
resistant
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Bufonoidea
Rank
superfamily
Lineage
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; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #1
Latin Name
Common Name
Pebas stubfoot toad
Synonyms
Pebas stubfoot toad; Atelopus spumarius Cope, 1871
Rank
species
Lineage
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stomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Hyloidea; Bufonidae; Atelopus
Parent
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #2
Latin Name
Common Name
marine toad
Synonyms
Bufo marinus; Chaunus marinus; Rana marina; marine toad; cane toad; giant toad; Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rank
species
Lineage
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stomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Hyloidea; Bufonidae; Rhinella
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #3
Latin Name
Common Name
granular toad
Synonyms
Bufo granulosus; Chaunus granulosus; granular toad; common lesser toad; Bufo granulosus Spix, 1824; Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824); Rhinella granulosus
Rank
species
Lineage
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stomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Hyloidea; Bufonidae; Rhinella
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
Atp1a1
Synonyms
Atpa-1; BC010319
String
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily.
GO - Molecular Function
GO:0005524 : ATP binding
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GO - Biological Process
GO - Cellular Component
GO:0016021 : integral component of membrane
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Mutation #1
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
Q111R
Experimental Evidence
| Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codon | - | - | - |
| Amino-acid | Gln | Arg | 111 |
Main Reference
Authors
Moore DJ; Halliday DC; Rowell DM; Robinson AJ; Keogh JS
Abstract
Members of the Family Bufonidae, true toads, are famous for their endogenously synthesized cardioactive steroids that serve as defensive toxins. Evolution of resistance to these toxins is not understood. We sequenced a key region of the toxin's binding site in the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase for relevant taxa representing Hyloidea (including bufonids), Ranoidea and Archaeobatrachia and tested for positive selection in a phylogenetic context. Bufonidae were distinct from other Hyloidea at 4-6 of 12 sites and, with one exception, had a homologous amino acid sequence. Melanophryniscus stelzneri had a distinct sequence, consistent with other independent evidence for a differentiated toxin. Tests within Bufonidae detected positive selection within the binding region, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of this type for positive selection within Amphibia. There was no evidence for positive selection on Bufonidae or M. stelzneri lineages. Sequence change in Leptodactylus ocellatus, a leptodactylid predator of Bufonidae, provides a molecular basis for predator resistance possibly associated with gene duplication.
Additional References
Mutation #2
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
N119/122D
Experimental Evidence
| Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codon | - | - | - |
| Amino-acid | Asn | Asp | 119 |
Main Reference
Authors
Moore DJ; Halliday DC; Rowell DM; Robinson AJ; Keogh JS
Abstract
Members of the Family Bufonidae, true toads, are famous for their endogenously synthesized cardioactive steroids that serve as defensive toxins. Evolution of resistance to these toxins is not understood. We sequenced a key region of the toxin's binding site in the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase for relevant taxa representing Hyloidea (including bufonids), Ranoidea and Archaeobatrachia and tested for positive selection in a phylogenetic context. Bufonidae were distinct from other Hyloidea at 4-6 of 12 sites and, with one exception, had a homologous amino acid sequence. Melanophryniscus stelzneri had a distinct sequence, consistent with other independent evidence for a differentiated toxin. Tests within Bufonidae detected positive selection within the binding region, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of this type for positive selection within Amphibia. There was no evidence for positive selection on Bufonidae or M. stelzneri lineages. Sequence change in Leptodactylus ocellatus, a leptodactylid predator of Bufonidae, provides a molecular basis for predator resistance possibly associated with gene duplication.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@SeveralMutationsWithEffect - The two amino acid changes occurred in the ancestor of the three frog species (see Figure S5 of Ujvari et al. 2015)
NB: Rhinella marina = Bufo marinus
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