GEPHE SUMMARY Print
Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000765
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Other amniotes
Trait State in Taxon B
Xenopus laevis
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
amniotes
Synonyms
amniotes
Rank
no rank
Lineage
Show more ... rganisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Deuterostomia; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
African clawed frog
Synonyms
Bufo laevis; African clawed frog; clawed frog; common platanna; platanna; Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802); Xenopus leavis
Rank
species
Lineage
Show more ... a; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Sarcopterygii; Dipnotetrapodomorpha; Tetrapoda; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Mutation #1
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
F49L, F86M, E113D - all have an effect (+ maybe V91I T93P V109A L116V S118T)
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon - - -
Amino-acid Phe Leu 49
Authors
Takahashi Y; Yokoyama S
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) and violet vision in vertebrates is mediated by UV and violet visual pigments that absorb light maximally (lambdamax) at approximately 360 and 390-440 nm, respectively. So far, a total of 11 amino acid sites only in transmembrane (TM) helices I-III are known to be involved in the functional differentiation of these short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) pigments. Here, we have constructed chimeric pigments between the violet pigment of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and its ancestral UV pigment. The results show that not only are the absorption spectra of these pigments modulated strongly by amino acids in TM I-VII, but also, for unknown reasons, the overall effect of amino acid changes in TM IV-VII on the lambdamax-shift is abolished. The spectral tuning of the contemporary frog pigment is explained by amino acid replacements F86M, V91I, T93P, V109A, E113D, L116V, and S118T, in which V91I and V109A are previously unknown, increasing the total number of critical amino acid sites that are involved in the spectral tuning of SWS1 pigments in vertebrates to 13.
Additional References
Mutation #2
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
F49L, F86M, E113D - all have an effect (+ maybe V91I T93P V109A L116V S118T)
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon - - -
Amino-acid Phe Met 86
Authors
Takahashi Y; Yokoyama S
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) and violet vision in vertebrates is mediated by UV and violet visual pigments that absorb light maximally (lambdamax) at approximately 360 and 390-440 nm, respectively. So far, a total of 11 amino acid sites only in transmembrane (TM) helices I-III are known to be involved in the functional differentiation of these short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) pigments. Here, we have constructed chimeric pigments between the violet pigment of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and its ancestral UV pigment. The results show that not only are the absorption spectra of these pigments modulated strongly by amino acids in TM I-VII, but also, for unknown reasons, the overall effect of amino acid changes in TM IV-VII on the lambdamax-shift is abolished. The spectral tuning of the contemporary frog pigment is explained by amino acid replacements F86M, V91I, T93P, V109A, E113D, L116V, and S118T, in which V91I and V109A are previously unknown, increasing the total number of critical amino acid sites that are involved in the spectral tuning of SWS1 pigments in vertebrates to 13.
Additional References
Mutation #3
Presumptive Null
No
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
F49L, F86M, E113D - all have an effect (+ maybe V91I T93P V109A L116V S118T)
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A Taxon B Position
Codon - - -
Amino-acid Glu Asp 113
Authors
Takahashi Y; Yokoyama S
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) and violet vision in vertebrates is mediated by UV and violet visual pigments that absorb light maximally (lambdamax) at approximately 360 and 390-440 nm, respectively. So far, a total of 11 amino acid sites only in transmembrane (TM) helices I-III are known to be involved in the functional differentiation of these short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) pigments. Here, we have constructed chimeric pigments between the violet pigment of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and its ancestral UV pigment. The results show that not only are the absorption spectra of these pigments modulated strongly by amino acids in TM I-VII, but also, for unknown reasons, the overall effect of amino acid changes in TM IV-VII on the lambdamax-shift is abolished. The spectral tuning of the contemporary frog pigment is explained by amino acid replacements F86M, V91I, T93P, V109A, E113D, L116V, and S118T, in which V91I and V109A are previously unknown, increasing the total number of critical amino acid sites that are involved in the spectral tuning of SWS1 pigments in vertebrates to 13.
Additional References
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@SeveralMutationsWithEffect
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