GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000779
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait
Trait State in Taxon A
Other butterflies
Trait State in Taxon B
Heliconius spp.
Ancestral State
Data not curated
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
brushfoots
Synonyms
brushfoots; brush-footed butterflies
Rank
family
Lineage
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Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #1
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Heliconius cydno pachinus; Heliconius pachinus Salvin, 1871
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #2
Latin Name
Common Name
crimson-patched longwing
Synonyms
crimson-patched longwing; Heliconius erato (Linnaeus, 1764)
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #3
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
-
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #4
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Heliconius sapho (Drury, 1782)
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #5
Latin Name
Common Name
zebra longwing
Synonyms
Heliconius charitonius; zebra longwing; zebra butterfly; Heliconius charithonia (Linnaeus, 1767)
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #6
Latin Name
Common Name
postman butterfly
Synonyms
postman butterfly; common postman; Heliconius melpomene (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #7
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Heliconius elevatus Noldner, 1901
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B #8
Latin Name
Common Name
-
Synonyms
Heliconius cydno Doubleday, 1847
Rank
species
Lineage
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dylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Amphiesmenoptera; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Neolepidoptera; Heteroneura; Ditrysia; Obtectomera; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Heliconiinae; Heliconiini; Heliconius
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
UVRh2
Synonyms
-
String
-
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
GO - Molecular Function
GO - Biological Process
GO:0007601 : visual perception
... show more
GO - Cellular Component
UniProtKB
Heliconius melpomene
Heliconius melpomene
Mutation #1
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
T180A; Y277F (human LWS/MWS numbering system) - Homology modeling of the UVRh rhodopsins of H. erato indicates sites 179 and 289 correspond to experimentally determined spectral tuning sites 180 and 277 in the human red cone pigment numbering system. The two Heliconius visual pigments differ in having amino acid changes A180T and F277Y at these sites. In site-directed mutagenesis experiments amino acid changes A180S and F277Y increased lambda-max values of human green pigment by ∼7 and 10 nm, respectively, and the effects of these amino acid substitutions on lambda-max were approximately additive
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | Thr | Ala | 180 |
Main Reference
Authors
Briscoe AD; Bybee SM; Bernard GD; Yuan F; Sison-Mangus MP; Reed RD; Warren AD; Llorente-Bousquets J; et al.
... show more
Abstract
The butterfly Heliconius erato can see from the UV to the red part of the light spectrum with color vision proven from 440 to 640 nm. Its eye is known to contain three visual pigments, rhodopsins, produced by an 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal chromophore together with long wavelength (LWRh), blue (BRh) and UV (UVRh1) opsins. We now find that H. erato has a second UV opsin mRNA (UVRh2)-a previously undescribed duplication of this gene among Lepidoptera. To investigate its evolutionary origin, we screened eye cDNAs from 14 butterfly species in the subfamily Heliconiinae and found both copies only among Heliconius. Phylogeny-based tests of selection indicate positive selection of UVRh2 following duplication, and some of the positively selected sites correspond to vertebrate visual pigment spectral tuning residues. Epi-microspectrophotometry reveals two UV-absorbing rhodopsins in the H. erato eye with lambda(max) = 355 nm and 398 nm. Along with the additional UV opsin, Heliconius have also evolved 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine (3-OHK)-based yellow wing pigments not found in close relatives. Visual models of how butterflies perceive wing color variation indicate this has resulted in an expansion of the number of distinguishable yellow colors on Heliconius wings. Functional diversification of the UV-sensitive visual pigments may help explain why the yellow wing pigments of Heliconius are so colorful in the UV range compared to the yellow pigments of close relatives lacking the UV opsin duplicate.
Additional References
Mutation #2
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
T180A; Y277F (human LWS/MWS numbering system) - Homology modeling of the UVRh rhodopsins of H. erato indicates sites 179 and 289 correspond to experimentally determined spectral tuning sites 180 and 277 in the human red cone pigment numbering system. The two Heliconius visual pigments differ in having amino acid changes A180T and F277Y at these sites. In site-directed mutagenesis experiments amino acid changes A180S and F277Y increased lambda-max values of human green pigment by ∼7 and 10 nm, respectively, and the effects of these amino acid substitutions on lambda-max were approximately additive
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | Tyr | Phe | 277 |
Main Reference
Authors
Briscoe AD; Bybee SM; Bernard GD; Yuan F; Sison-Mangus MP; Reed RD; Warren AD; Llorente-Bousquets J; et al.
... show more
Abstract
The butterfly Heliconius erato can see from the UV to the red part of the light spectrum with color vision proven from 440 to 640 nm. Its eye is known to contain three visual pigments, rhodopsins, produced by an 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal chromophore together with long wavelength (LWRh), blue (BRh) and UV (UVRh1) opsins. We now find that H. erato has a second UV opsin mRNA (UVRh2)-a previously undescribed duplication of this gene among Lepidoptera. To investigate its evolutionary origin, we screened eye cDNAs from 14 butterfly species in the subfamily Heliconiinae and found both copies only among Heliconius. Phylogeny-based tests of selection indicate positive selection of UVRh2 following duplication, and some of the positively selected sites correspond to vertebrate visual pigment spectral tuning residues. Epi-microspectrophotometry reveals two UV-absorbing rhodopsins in the H. erato eye with lambda(max) = 355 nm and 398 nm. Along with the additional UV opsin, Heliconius have also evolved 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine (3-OHK)-based yellow wing pigments not found in close relatives. Visual models of how butterflies perceive wing color variation indicate this has resulted in an expansion of the number of distinguishable yellow colors on Heliconius wings. Functional diversification of the UV-sensitive visual pigments may help explain why the yellow wing pigments of Heliconius are so colorful in the UV range compared to the yellow pigments of close relatives lacking the UV opsin duplicate.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
No matches found.
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
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