GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000793
Main curator
Courtier
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Anguilla japonica
Trait State in Taxon B
Conger myriaster
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
Japanese eel
Synonyms
Japanese eel; Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Rank
species
Lineage
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ata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Actinopteri; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Elopocephalai; Elopocephala; Elopomorpha; Anguilliformes; Anguillidae; Anguilla
Parent
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
whitespotted conger
Synonyms
Anguilla myriaster; Astroconger myriaster; whitespotted conger; conger eel; Anguilla myriaster Brevoort, 1856; Conger myriaster (Brevoort, 1856)
Rank
species
Lineage
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aniata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Teleostomi; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Actinopteri; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Elopocephalai; Elopocephala; Elopomorpha; Anguilliformes; Congridae; Congrinae; Conger
Parent
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
RHO
Synonyms
RP4; OPN2; CSNBAD1
String
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
GO - Molecular Function
GO:0046872 : metal ion binding
... show more
GO - Biological Process
GO - Cellular Component
GO:0016021 : integral component of membrane
... show more
Mutation #1
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
P194N and N195A and A292S
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | Pro | Asn | 194 |
Main Reference
Authors
Yokoyama S; Tada T; Zhang H; Britt L
Abstract
Vertebrate ancestors appeared in a uniform, shallow water environment, but modern species flourish in highly variable niches. A striking array of phenotypes exhibited by contemporary animals is assumed to have evolved by accumulating a series of selectively advantageous mutations. However, the experimental test of such adaptive events at the molecular level is remarkably difficult. One testable phenotype, dim-light vision, is mediated by rhodopsins. Here, we engineered 11 ancestral rhodopsins and show that those in early ancestors absorbed light maximally (lambda(max)) at 500 nm, from which contemporary rhodopsins with variable lambda(max)s of 480-525 nm evolved on at least 18 separate occasions. These highly environment-specific adaptations seem to have occurred largely by amino acid replacements at 12 sites, and most of those at the remaining 191 ( approximately 94%) sites have undergone neutral evolution. The comparison between these results and those inferred by commonly-used parsimony and Bayesian methods demonstrates that statistical tests of positive selection can be misleading without experimental support and that the molecular basis of spectral tuning in rhodopsins should be elucidated by mutagenesis analyses using ancestral pigments.
Additional References
Mutation #2
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
P194N and N195A and A292S
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | Asn | Ala | 195 |
Main Reference
Authors
Yokoyama S; Tada T; Zhang H; Britt L
Abstract
Vertebrate ancestors appeared in a uniform, shallow water environment, but modern species flourish in highly variable niches. A striking array of phenotypes exhibited by contemporary animals is assumed to have evolved by accumulating a series of selectively advantageous mutations. However, the experimental test of such adaptive events at the molecular level is remarkably difficult. One testable phenotype, dim-light vision, is mediated by rhodopsins. Here, we engineered 11 ancestral rhodopsins and show that those in early ancestors absorbed light maximally (lambda(max)) at 500 nm, from which contemporary rhodopsins with variable lambda(max)s of 480-525 nm evolved on at least 18 separate occasions. These highly environment-specific adaptations seem to have occurred largely by amino acid replacements at 12 sites, and most of those at the remaining 191 ( approximately 94%) sites have undergone neutral evolution. The comparison between these results and those inferred by commonly-used parsimony and Bayesian methods demonstrates that statistical tests of positive selection can be misleading without experimental support and that the molecular basis of spectral tuning in rhodopsins should be elucidated by mutagenesis analyses using ancestral pigments.
Additional References
Mutation #3
Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
P194N and N195A and A292S
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | Ala | Ser | 292 |
Main Reference
Authors
Yokoyama S; Tada T; Zhang H; Britt L
Abstract
Vertebrate ancestors appeared in a uniform, shallow water environment, but modern species flourish in highly variable niches. A striking array of phenotypes exhibited by contemporary animals is assumed to have evolved by accumulating a series of selectively advantageous mutations. However, the experimental test of such adaptive events at the molecular level is remarkably difficult. One testable phenotype, dim-light vision, is mediated by rhodopsins. Here, we engineered 11 ancestral rhodopsins and show that those in early ancestors absorbed light maximally (lambda(max)) at 500 nm, from which contemporary rhodopsins with variable lambda(max)s of 480-525 nm evolved on at least 18 separate occasions. These highly environment-specific adaptations seem to have occurred largely by amino acid replacements at 12 sites, and most of those at the remaining 191 ( approximately 94%) sites have undergone neutral evolution. The comparison between these results and those inferred by commonly-used parsimony and Bayesian methods demonstrates that statistical tests of positive selection can be misleading without experimental support and that the molecular basis of spectral tuning in rhodopsins should be elucidated by mutagenesis analyses using ancestral pigments.
Additional References
RELATED GEPHE
Related Genes
Related Haplotypes
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