GEPHE SUMMARY
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Gephebase Gene
Entry Status
Published
GepheID
GP00000819
Main curator
Martin
PHENOTYPIC CHANGE
Trait Category
Trait State in Taxon A
Anopheles gambiae
Trait State in Taxon B
Anopheles gambiae - resistant - allele 1
Ancestral State
Taxon A
Taxonomic Status
Taxon A
Latin Name
Common Name
African malaria mosquito
Synonyms
Anopheles gambiae S; African malaria mosquito; Anopheles gambiae Giles, 1902; Anopheles gambia
Rank
species
Lineage
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tacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Diptera; Nematocera; Culicomorpha; Culicoidea; Culicidae; Anophelinae; Anopheles; Cellia; Pyretophorus; gambiae species complex
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon A an Infraspecies?
No
Taxon B
Latin Name
Common Name
African malaria mosquito
Synonyms
Anopheles gambiae S; African malaria mosquito; Anopheles gambiae Giles, 1902; Anopheles gambia
Rank
species
Lineage
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tacea; Hexapoda; Insecta; Dicondylia; Pterygota; Neoptera; Holometabola; Diptera; Nematocera; Culicomorpha; Culicoidea; Culicidae; Anophelinae; Anopheles; Cellia; Pyretophorus; gambiae species complex
NCBI Taxonomy ID
is Taxon B an Infraspecies?
No
GENOTYPIC CHANGE
Generic Gene Name
para
Synonyms
bas; bss; CG9907; Dmel\CG9907; DmNav; DmNav1; DmNa[[v]]; DmNa[[V]]; DmNa[[v]]1; l(1)14Da; l(1)ESHS48; lincRNA.S9469; Nav1; Ocd; olfD; par; sbl; sbl-1; Shu; Shudderer
String
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Para subfamily.
GO - Molecular Function
GO:0005509 : calcium ion binding
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GO - Biological Process
GO - Cellular Component
GO:0005887 : integral component of plasma membrane
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Presumptive Null
Molecular Type
Aberration Type
SNP Coding Change
Nonsynonymous
Molecular Details of the Mutation
L1014F
Experimental Evidence
Taxon A | Taxon B | Position | |
---|---|---|---|
Codon | - | - | - |
Amino-acid | - | - | - |
Main Reference
Authors
Martinez-Torres D; Chandre F; Williamson MS; Darriet F; Bergé JB; Devonshire AL; Guillet P; Pasteur N; et al.
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Abstract
Pyrethroid-impregnated bednets are playing an increasing role for combating malaria, especially in stable malaria areas. More than 90% of the current annual malaria incidence (c. 500 million clinical cases with up to 2 million deaths) is in Africa where the major vector is Anopheles gambiae s.s. As pyrethroid resistance has been reported in this mosquito, reliable and simple techniques are urgently needed to characterize and monitor this resistance in the field. In insects, an important mechanism of pyrethroid resistance is due to a modification of the voltage-gated sodium channel protein recently shown to be associated with mutations of the para-type sodium channel gene. We demonstrate here that one of these mutations is present in certain strains of pyrethroid resistant A. gambiae s.s. and describe a PCR-based diagnostic test allowing its detection in the genome of single mosquitoes. Using this test, we found this mutation in six out of seven field samples from West Africa, its frequency being closely correlated with survival to pyrethroid exposure. This diagnostic test should bring major improvement for field monitoring of pyrethroid resistance, within the framework of malaria control programmes.
RELATED GEPHE
Related Haplotypes
EXTERNAL LINKS
COMMENTS
@Introgression This allele has also introgressed into Anopheles coluzzi (previoulsy named Anopheles gambiae M form) (Weill et al 2000 - The kdr mutation occurs in the Mopti form of Anopheles gambiaes.s. through introgression)
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