Gephebase

Gephebase Search Results

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Your research retrieved 1223 results.

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Gene	Trait	Mutation	Taxon B	Taxonomic Status	Evidence	Main Reference	Gephe ID	UniProtKB	Trait Category	Mutation Details	Taxon A	Taxon B	Edit Gene-GePhe	Taxon B	Status
18-wheeler	Pathogen resistance	Unknown, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Lazzaro BP; Sackton TB; Clark AG (2006) Genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster resistance to infection: a comparison across bacteria.	GP00000001	18w A1ZBR2	Physiology	unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	18-wheeler	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCA2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG ; et al. (2015) Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transpo[...]	GP00000003	ABCA2 A0A0S0G7V0	Physiology	5bp deletion inducing a frameshift N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	ABCA2	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCA2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Insertion N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG ; et al. (2015) Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transpo[...]	GP00000004	ABCA2 A0A0S0G7V0	Physiology	5bp (GAATA) nucleotide duplication inducing a frameshift N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	ABCA2	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCA2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Helicoverpa punctigera (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG ; et al. (2015) Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transpo[...]	GP00002056	ABCA2 A0A0S0G7V0	Physiology	14bp deletion resulting in missense mutations. N	Helicoverpa punctigera (species)	Helicoverpa punctigera (species) D	ABCA2	Helicoverpa punctigera (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCA2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Insertion N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mathew LG; Ponnuraj J; Mallappa B ; et al. (2018) ABC transporter mis-splicing associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab in laboratory- and field-[...]	GP00002057	ABCA2 A0A0S0G7V0	Physiology	loss of exon 6 caused by alternative splicing N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	ABCA2	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCB1	Plant size (dwarfism)	Coding, Insertion N	Sorghum bicolor sorghum - (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Multani DS; Briggs SP; Chamberlin MA ; et al. (2003) Loss of an MDR transporter in compact stalks of maize br2 and sorghum dw3 mutants.	GP00000007	ABCB1 Q9ZR72	Morphology	882bp direct duplication in exon 5 of the dw3 allele driving loss-of-function N	Sorghum bicolor sorghum - (species)	Sorghum bicolor sorghum - (species)	ABCB1	Sorghum bicolor sorghum - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCB1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry3Aa toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Chrysomela tremula (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Pauchet Y; Bretschneider A; Augustin S ; et al. (2016) A P-Glycoprotein Is Linked to Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa Toxin in a Leaf Beetle[...]	GP00002466	ABCB1 P08183	Physiology	a four-base-pair deletion at position 1561 introducing a frame shift with a premature stop codon leading to loss of the TpM1 transporter motif as well as the complete second transmembrane domain N	Chrysomela tremula (species)	Chrysomela tremula (species) D	ABCB1	Chrysomela tremula (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCB4	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bariami V; Jones CM; Poupardin R ; et al. (2012) Gene amplification, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethr[...]	GP00002607	Abcb4 P21440	Physiology	ABCB4 gene amplified about 6–7 times	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	ABCB4	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCC2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt toxins)	Coding, Complex Change N	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Banerjee R; Hasler J; Meagher R ; et al. (2017) Mechanism and DNA-based detection of field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt corn in fall armyworm[...] 1 Additional References Flagel L; Lee YW; Wanjugi H (2018) Mutational disruption of the ABCC2 gene in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, confers resistance [...]	GP00002461	MRP1 H8YF43	Physiology	A nine-base deletion (position 39–47) and a two-base insertion (GC at position 2218) lead to a frameshift and the occurrence of a premature stop codon. The truncated protein is 746 amino acids whereas the ABCC2 of the susceptible strain encodes a protein of 1349 amino acids. N	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species)	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species) D	ABCC2	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCC2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt toxins)	Coding, Complex Change N	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Boaventura D; Ulrich J; Lueke B ; et al. (2020) Molecular characterization of Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda from Brazil.	GP00002462	MRP1 H8YF43	Physiology	two mutations in the extracellular loop 4 (ECL4) of ABCC2: a deletion of two amino acids (GY) at positions 788 and 789 and the change of a proline to either lysine or arginine at position 799. Expression of mutated ABCC2 in insect cells confirmed the role of these mutations in toxin binding. N	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species)	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species) D	ABCC2	Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABCG2	Milk yield	Unknown, Unknown	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	García-Fernández M; Gutiérrez-Gil B; Sánchez JP ; et al. (2011) The role of bovine causal genes underlying dairy traits in Spanish Churra sheep.	GP00000016	Abcg2 Q7TMS5	Physiology	unknown	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	ABCG2	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP	Homininae (subfamily)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Yamamoto F; Hakomori S (1990) Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid [...] 1 Additional References Ségurel L; Thompson EE; Flutre T (2012) The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates.	GP00000017	ABO P16442	Physiology	Gly268 (group A) <-> Ala (group B)	Homininae (subfamily)	Homininae (subfamily)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homininae (subfamily)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP	Homininae (subfamily)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Yamamoto F; Hakomori S (1990) Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid [...] 1 Additional References Ségurel L; Thompson EE; Flutre T (2012) The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates.	GP00000018	ABO P16442	Physiology	Leu266 (group A) <-> Met (group B)	Homininae (subfamily)	Homininae (subfamily)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homininae (subfamily)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, Deletion N	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Yamamoto F; Hakomori S (1990) Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid [...] 1 Additional References Calafell F; Roubinet F; Ramírez-Soriano A (2008) Evolutionary dynamics of the human ABO gene.	GP00000019	ABO P16442	Physiology	1bp deletion (258G) resulting in frameshift N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Yamamoto F; McNeill PD; Yamamoto M ; et al. (1993) Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 4. Another type of O allele. 1 Additional References Yazer MH; Hosseini-Maaf B; Olsson ML (2008) Blood grouping discrepancies between ABO genotype and phenotype caused by O alleles.	GP00000020	ABO P16442	Physiology	Arg176+Gly268 (group A) <-> Gly176+Arg268 (group O03 = weak AB allele rather than complete loss-of-function) two nucleotide substitutions at nt. 526 and nt. 802. The authors have not examined whether both amino acid substitutions are necessary to disrupt the enzymatic activity or if one of them is sufficient. Nevertheless they assume that the single amino acid substitution at aa. 268 (glycine+arginine) may be crucial for their nullifying effect.	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, Insertion N	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hosseini-Maaf B; Irshaid NM; Hellberg A ; et al. (2005) New and unusual O alleles at the ABO locus are implicated in unexpected blood group phenotypes. 1 Additional References Yazer MH; Hosseini-Maaf B; Olsson ML (2008) Blood grouping discrepancies between ABO genotype and phenotype caused by O alleles.	GP00000021	ABO P16442	Physiology	1bp insertion resulting in premature stop codon N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hosseini-Maaf B; Irshaid NM; Hellberg A ; et al. (2005) New and unusual O alleles at the ABO locus are implicated in unexpected blood group phenotypes. 1 Additional References Yazer MH; Hosseini-Maaf B; Olsson ML (2008) Blood grouping discrepancies between ABO genotype and phenotype caused by O alleles.	GP00000022	ABO P16442	Physiology	1bp change resulting in stop codon N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, Unknown	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kermarrec N; Roubinet F; Apoil PA ; et al. (1999) Comparison of allele O sequences of the human and non-human primate ABO system.	GP00000023	ABO P16442	Physiology	Uncertain; possibly 9bp deletion resultin in 3a.a. deletion	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	ABO antigen blood type	Unknown, Unknown	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kermarrec N; Roubinet F; Apoil PA ; et al. (1999) Comparison of allele O sequences of the human and non-human primate ABO system.	GP00000024	ABO P16442	Physiology	unknown	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	ABO histo blood group glycosyltransferase	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; cyclic ketoenol)	Coding, SNP	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Lueke B; Douris V; Hopkinson JE ; et al. (2020) Identification and functional characterization of a novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase mutation associated[...] 1 Additional References Mavridis K; Papapostolou KM; Ilias A (2022) Next-generation molecular diagnostics (TaqMan qPCR and ddPCR) for monitoring insecticide resistance [...]	GP00002513	ACC Q7JV23	Physiology	A2083V	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; spiromesifen)	Coding, SNP	Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Karatolos N; Williamson MS; Denholm I ; et al. (2012) Resistance to spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum is associated with a single amino acid repla[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002556	ACC Q7JV23	Physiology	E645K	Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly - (species)	Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly - (species) D	acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; spirotetramat)	Coding, SNP	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Singh KS; Cordeiro EMG; Troczka BJ ; et al. (2021) Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aph[...]	GP00002616	ACC Q7JV23	Physiology	a single non-synonymous mutation (gCt > gTt) resulting in an alanine to valine substitution in a highly conserved region of the ACC carboxyltransferase (CT) domain	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Anopheles albimanus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Weill M; Malcolm C; Chandre F ; et al. (2004) The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vec[...]	GP00000026	Ace P07140	Physiology	G119S	Anopheles albimanus (species)	Anopheles albimanus (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Anopheles albimanus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Weill M; Lutfalla G; Mogensen K ; et al. (2003) Comparative genomics: Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.	GP00000027	Ace P07140	Physiology	G119S	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Weill M; Lutfalla G; Mogensen K ; et al. (2003) Comparative genomics: Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.	GP00000028	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly119Ser (119 is the corresponding position in Torpedo) - GGC to AGC	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Weill M; Lutfalla G; Mogensen K ; et al. (2003) Comparative genomics: Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.	GP00000029	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly119Ser (119 is the corresponding position in Torpedo) - GGC to AGC	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Alout H; Berthomieu A; Cui F ; et al. (2007) Different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 inse[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00000030	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex vishnui (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Alout H; Berthomieu A; Cui F ; et al. (2007) Different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 inse[...]	GP00000031	Ace P07140	Physiology	G119S	Culex vishnui (species)	Culex vishnui (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Culex vishnui (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	3 Mutations:	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shang Q; Pan Y; Fang K ; et al. (2014) Extensive Ace2 duplication and multiple mutations on Ace1 and Ace2 are related with high level of or[...] 4 Additional References Andrews MC; Callaghan A; Field LM (2004) Identification of mutations conferring insecticide-insensitive AChE in the cotton-melon aphid, Aphis[...] Carletto J; Martin T; Vanlerberghe-Masutti F (2010) Insecticide resistance traits differ among and within host races in Aphis gossypii. Benting J; Nauen R (2004) Biochemical evidence that an S431F mutation in acetylcholinesterase-1 of Aphis gossypii mediates res[...] Toda S; Komazaki S; Tomita T (2004) Two amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase associated with pirimicarb and organophosphorou[...]	GP00000036	Ace P07140	Physiology	3 mutations	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Assogba BS; Milesi P; Djogbénou LS ; et al. (2016) The ace-1 Locus Is Amplified in All Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes: Fitness Consequences of [...] 1 Additional References Assogba BS; Djogbénou LS; Milesi P (2015) An ace-1 gene duplication resorbs the fitness cost associated with resistance in Anopheles gambiae, [...]	GP00001372	Ace P07140	Physiology	Strict tandem duplication of 203kb encompassing 12 genes ; ace1 heterogeneous gene duplication (susceptible G119 and resistant S119 copies)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Assogba BS; Milesi P; Djogbénou LS ; et al. (2016) The ace-1 Locus Is Amplified in All Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes: Fitness Consequences of [...]	GP00001373	Ace P07140	Physiology	Strict tandem 3 times duplication of 203kb encompassing 12 genes with partial internal deletion of 97kb in the third copy - ace1 homogeneous gene duplications (all 3 copies S119 resistant)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Assogba BS; Milesi P; Djogbénou LS ; et al. (2016) The ace-1 Locus Is Amplified in All Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes: Fitness Consequences of [...]	GP00001374	Ace P07140	Physiology	Strict tandem 5 times duplication of 203kb encompassing 12 genes - ace1 homogeneous gene duplications (all 5 copies S119 resistant)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 2 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. Khajehali J; Van Nieuwenhuyse P; Demaeght P (2011) Acaricide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Tetranychus urticae populations from rose greenhou[...]	GP00002013	Ace P07140	Physiology	A201S	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Nabeshima T; Kozaki T; Tomita T ; et al. (2003) An amino acid substitution on the second acetylcholinesterase in the pirimicarb-resistant strains of[...]	GP00002015	Ace P07140	Physiology	Ser431Phe (position 331 in mature Torpedo protein)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Chilo suppressalis striped riceborer - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jiang X; Qu M; Denholm I ; et al. (2009) Mutation in acetylcholinesterase1 associated with triazophos resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo su[...]	GP00002453	Ace P07140	Physiology	an amino acid mutation A314S in Ch-ace1 (corresponding to A201S in Torpedo californica AChE) was consistently associated with the occurrence of resistance	Chilo suppressalis striped riceborer - (species)	Chilo suppressalis striped riceborer - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Chilo suppressalis striped riceborer - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Lee DW; Choi JY; Kim WT ; et al. (2007) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase1 contribute to prothiofos-resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). 3 Additional References Yeh SC; Lin CL; Chang C (2014) Amino acid substitutions and intron polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase1 associated with mevinphos [...] Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. Zhang LJ; Jing YP; Li XH (2015) Temperature-sensitive fitness cost of insecticide resistance in Chinese populations of the diamondba[...]	GP00002454	Ace P07140	Physiology	2 mutations	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mavridis K; Papapostolou KM; Ilias A ; et al. (2022) Next-generation molecular diagnostics (TaqMan qPCR and ddPCR) for monitoring insecticide resistance [...]	GP00002512	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002571	Ace P07140	Physiology	S119G	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 2 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. Khajehali J; Van Leeuwen T; Grispou M (2010) Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychida[...]	GP00002572	Ace P07140	Physiology	G328A	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Khajehali J; Van Leeuwen T; Grispou M ; et al. (2010) Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychida[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002573	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002574	Ace P07140	Physiology	D128E	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Li F; Han Z (2004) Mutations in acetylcholinesterase associated with insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, Aphis [...] 3 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. Andrews MC; Callaghan A; Field LM (2004) Identification of mutations conferring insecticide-insensitive AChE in the cotton-melon aphid, Aphis[...] Toda S; Komazaki S; Tomita T (2004) Two amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase associated with pirimicarb and organophosphorou[...]	GP00002577	Ace P07140	Physiology	A201S	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Cydia pomonella codling moth - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Cassanelli S; Reyes M; Rault M ; et al. (2006) Acetylcholinesterase mutation in an insecticide-resistant population of the codling moth Cydia pomon[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002580	Ace P07140	Physiology	F399V = F290V	Cydia pomonella codling moth - (species)	Cydia pomonella codling moth - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Cydia pomonella codling moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Alout H; Berthomieu A; Hadjivassilis A ; et al. (2007) A new amino-acid substitution in acetylcholinesterase 1 confers insecticide resistance to Culex pipi[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002581	Ace P07140	Physiology	F290V	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen MH; Han ZJ; Qiao XF ; et al. (2007) Mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes of Rhopalosiphum padi resistant to organophosphate and carba[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002587	Ace P07140	Physiology	S329(228)P	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kwon Deok Ho; Cha Deok Jea; Kim Young Ho ; et al. (2012 ) Cloning of the acetylcholinesterase 1 gene and identification of point mutations putatively associat[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002589	Ace P07140	Physiology	F330S	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kwon Deok Ho; Cha Deok Jea; Kim Young Ho ; et al. (2012 ) Cloning of the acetylcholinesterase 1 gene and identification of point mutations putatively associat[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002590	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331H	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus kanzawai (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Aiki Yasuhiko; Kozaki Toshinori; Mizuno Hiroshi ; et al. (2005 ) Amino acid substitution in Ace paralogous acetylcholinesterase accompanied by organophosphate resist[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002591	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W	Tetranychus kanzawai (species)	Tetranychus kanzawai (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus kanzawai (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002592	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331C	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus evansi red spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Carvalho Renato; Yang Yihua; Field Linda M ; et al. (2012 ) Chlorpyrifos resistance is associated with mutation and amplification of the acetylcholinesterase-1 [...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002593	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W/Y	Tetranychus evansi red spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus evansi red spider mite - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Tetranychus evansi red spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zhang Yueliang; Li Shuo; Xu Lu ; et al. (2013 ) Overexpression of carboxylesterase-1 and mutation (F439H) of acetylcholinesterase-1 are associated w[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002594	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331H	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species)	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen Maohua; Han Zhaojun; Qiao Xianfeng ; et al. (2007 ) Resistance mechanisms and associated mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes in Sitobion avenae (Fab[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002595	Ace P07140	Physiology	L336S	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species)	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zhang LJ; Jing YP; Li XH ; et al. (2015) Temperature-sensitive fitness cost of insecticide resistance in Chinese populations of the diamondba[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002598	Ace P07140	Physiology	A441G	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]	GP00000040	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly365Ala	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]	GP00000041	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly262Val	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]	GP00000043	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly262Ala	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	4 Mutations: Coding SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mutero A; Pralavorio M; Bride JM ; et al. (1994) Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. 2 Additional References Mutero A; Pralavorio M; Bride JM (1994) Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Menozzi P; Shi MA; Lougarre A (2004) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster pop[...]	GP00002011	Ace P07140	Physiology	4 mutations	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mutero A; Pralavorio M; Bride JM ; et al. (1994) Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase.	GP00002012	Ace P07140	Physiology	Ile199Thr (position 129 in the corresponding mature Torpedo AChE). Tested in vitro in Xenopus oocytes	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Menozzi P; Shi MA; Lougarre A ; et al. (2004) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster pop[...]	GP00002016	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly368Ala (position 328 in the corresponding mature Torpedo AChE). Tested in vitro in Xenopus oocytes - GGC>GCC	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anthony NM; Brown JK; Markham PG ; et al. (1995 ) Molecular analysis of cyclodiene resistance-associated mutations among populations of the sweetpotat[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002565	Ace P07140	Physiology	Phe392Trp mutation located in the acyl pocket of the active site gorge and recently shown to confer OP insensitivity in Culex tritaeniorhynchus	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Menozzi P; Shi MA; Lougarre A ; et al. (2004) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster pop[...]	GP00002568	Ace P07140	Physiology	E73G	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Li Fei; Han Zhaojun (2004 ) Mutations in acetylcholinesterase associated with insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, Aphis [...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002569	Ace P07140	Physiology	F78L	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Aphis gossypii cotton aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Menozzi P; Shi MA; Lougarre A ; et al. (2004) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster pop[...]	GP00002570	Ace P07140	Physiology	E81K	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kozaki T; Shono T; Tomita T ; et al. (2001) Fenitroxon insensitive acetylcholinesterases of the housefly, Musca domestica associated with point [...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002575	Ace P07140	Physiology	I129V	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Vontas JG; Hejazi MJ; Hawkes NJ ; et al. (2002) Resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate insensitive acetylcholinesterase, in the ol[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002576	Ace P07140	Physiology	I129V	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Haematobia irritans horn fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Temeyer KB; Li AY; Lohmeyer KH ; et al. (2008) Acetylcholinesterase mutation in diazinon-resistant Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002578	Ace P07140	Physiology	G227A	Haematobia irritans horn fly - (species)	Haematobia irritans horn fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Haematobia irritans horn fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zhu KY; Lee SH; Clark JM (1996) A Point Mutation of Acetylcholinesterase Associated with Azinphosmethyl Resistance and Reduced Fitne[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002579	Ace P07140	Physiology	S238G	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002582	Ace P07140	Physiology	F290Y	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	da Silva NM; de Carvalho RA; de Azeredo-Espin AM (2011) Acetylcholinesterase cDNA sequencing and identification of mutations associated with organophosphate[...]	GP00002583	Ace P07140	Physiology	F466Y	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species)	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen MH; Han ZJ; Qiao XF ; et al. (2007) Mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes of Rhopalosiphum padi resistant to organophosphate and carba[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002585	Ace P07140	Physiology	F368(290)L	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen MH; Han ZJ; Qiao XF ; et al. (2007) Mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes of Rhopalosiphum padi resistant to organophosphate and carba[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002586	Ace P07140	Physiology	V435(356)A	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry-oat aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Magaña C; Hernández-Crespo P; Brun-Barale A ; et al. (2008) Mechanisms of resistance to malathion in the medfly Ceratitis capitata. 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002588	Ace P07140	Physiology	Gly328Ala	Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly - (species)	Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Nabeshima T; Mori A; Kozaki T ; et al. (2004) An amino acid substitution attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in a Ja[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002596	Ace P07140	Physiology	F331W - F455W whose homologous position in Torped AChE (Phe331) is located in the vicinity of the catalytic His in the acyl pocket of the active site gorge	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen Maohua; Han Zhaojun; Qiao Xianfeng ; et al. (2007 ) Resistance mechanisms and associated mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes in Sitobion avenae (Fab[...] 1 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods.	GP00002597	Ace P07140	Physiology	W435R	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species)	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)	Sitobion avenae English grain aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Vontas JG; Hejazi MJ; Hawkes NJ ; et al. (2002) Resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate insensitive acetylcholinesterase, in the ol[...]	GP00000037	Ace P07140	Physiology	2 mutations	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, Deletion	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kakani EG; Ioannides IM; Margaritopoulos JT ; et al. (2008) A small deletion in the olive fly acetylcholinesterase gene associated with high levels of organopho[...] 1 Additional References Kakani EG; Bon S; Massoulié J (2011) Altered GPI modification of insect AChE improves tolerance to organophosphate insecticides.	GP00000038	Ace P07140	Physiology	9bp deletion of three glutamine residues at positions 642_644	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Bactrocera oleae olive fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zhu KY; Lee SH; Clark JM (1996) A Point Mutation of Acetylcholinesterase Associated with Azinphosmethyl Resistance and Reduced Fitne[...]	GP00000039	Ace P07140	Physiology	Ser->Gly at position 238 of the Torpedo AChE	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]	GP00000042	Ace P07140	Physiology	Val180Leu	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001) Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]	GP00000044	Ace P07140	Physiology	Phe327Tyr	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hsu JC; Haymer DS; Wu WJ ; et al. (2006) Mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Bactrocera dorsalis associated with resistance to orga[...]	GP00000045	Ace P07140	Physiology	2 mutations	Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly - (species)	Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zhu KY; Lee SH; Clark JM (1996) A Point Mutation of Acetylcholinesterase Associated with Azinphosmethyl Resistance and Reduced Fitne[...]	GP00002014	Ace P07140	Physiology	Ser>Gly (238 is the corresponding position in Torpedo)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species) D	Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
achaete-scute complex	Bristle number (thorax)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila quadrilineata (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Marcellini S; Simpson P (2006) Two or four bristles: functional evolution of an enhancer of scute in Drosophilidae.	GP00000049	sc P10084	Morphology	Not identified	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila quadrilineata (species)	achaete-scute complex	Drosophila quadrilineata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AFGP multigene - antifreeze glycoproteins	Anti-freezing	Coding, Unknown	Dissostichus mawsoni Antarctic toothfish - (species)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Chen L; DeVries AL; Cheng CH (1997) Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish. 2 Additional References Cheng CC; Cziko PA; Evans CW (2006) Nonhepatic origin of notothenioid antifreeze reveals pancreatic synthesis as common mechanism in pol[...] Near TJ; Dornburg A; Kuhn KL (2012) Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes.	GP00000052	afgp8 P24856	Physiology	multiple modifications of a pancreatic; secreted trypsinogen; notably via multiplications of small tri-peptidic repeats	Teleostei teleost fishes - (infraclass)	Dissostichus mawsoni Antarctic toothfish - (species)	AFGP multigene - antifreeze glycoproteins	Dissostichus mawsoni Antarctic toothfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
aggrecan	Body size (dwarfism)	Coding, SNP	Equus caballus horse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Metzger J; Gast AC; Schrimpf R ; et al. (2017) Whole-genome sequencing reveals a potential causal mutation for dwarfism in the Miniature Shetland p[...] 1 Additional References Eberth JE; Graves KT; MacLeod JN (2018) Multiple alleles of ACAN associated with chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Miniature horses.	GP00002143	ACAN P16112	Morphology	g.95282140C>G ; p.Ala505Pro	Equus caballus horse - (species)	Equus caballus horse - (species) D	aggrecan	Equus caballus horse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat; dorso-ventral)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kingsley EP; Manceau M; Wiley CD ; et al. (2009) Melanism in peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in agouti.	GP00000055	Asip Q03288	Morphology	125kb deletion including 5' CDS of Agouti N	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Agouti	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat; dorso-ventral)	Coding, SNP N	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kingsley EP; Manceau M; Wiley CD ; et al. (2009) Melanism in peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in agouti.	GP00000056	Asip Q03288	Morphology	Premature stop codon at residue 65 N	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Agouti	Peromyscus polionotus oldfield mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Bos taurus cattle - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Girardot M; Guibert S; Laforet MP ; et al. (2006) The insertion of a full-length Bos taurus LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregula[...]	GP00000059	Asip Q03288	Morphology	LINE element insertion in 5' region of gene; over expression of alternative splice forms	Bos taurus cattle - (species)	Bos taurus cattle - (species) D	Agouti	Bos taurus cattle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP N	Panthera pardus leopard - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Schneider A; David VA; Johnson WE ; et al. (2012) How the leopard hides its spots: ASIP mutations and melanism in wild cats.	GP00000065	Asip Q03288	Morphology	nonsense mutation located in exon 4 (C333A) predicted to introduce a stop codon at amino acid position 111 N	Panthera pardus leopard - (species)	Panthera pardus leopard - (species) D	Agouti	Panthera pardus leopard - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Catopuma temminckii Asiatic golden cat - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Schneider A; David VA; Johnson WE ; et al. (2012) How the leopard hides its spots: ASIP mutations and melanism in wild cats.	GP00000066	Asip Q03288	Morphology	C128W (384C>G)	Catopuma temminckii Asiatic golden cat - (species)	Catopuma temminckii Asiatic golden cat - (species)	Agouti	Catopuma temminckii Asiatic golden cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, Deletion N	Vulpes vulpes red fox - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Våge DI; Lu D; Klungland H ; et al. (1997) A non-epistatic interaction of agouti and extension in the fox, Vulpes vulpes.	GP00000067	Asip Q03288	Morphology	166 bp deletion in exon 1 N	Vulpes vulpes red fox - (species)	Vulpes vulpes red fox - (species) D	Agouti	Vulpes vulpes red fox - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP N	Leopardus colocolo Colocolo - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Schneider A; Henegar C; Day K ; et al. (2015) Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids.	GP00001731	Asip Q03288	Morphology	Arg to Cys substitution in the C-terminal region of ASIP (p.R120C) lies in the critical RFF loop (e.g. a triplet motif made of one arginine and two phenylalanine residues) required for binding to the MC1R N	Leopardus colocolo Colocolo - (species)	Leopardus colocolo Colocolo - (species) D	Agouti	Leopardus colocolo Colocolo - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP N	Leopardus guigna Kodkod - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Schneider A; Henegar C; Day K ; et al. (2015) Recurrent evolution of melanism in South American felids.	GP00001732	Asip Q03288	Morphology	Cys to Tyr substitution in ASIP (p.C126Y) which affects the key disulfide bond that stabilizes the RFF loop N	Leopardus guigna Kodkod - (species)	Leopardus guigna Kodkod - (species) D	Agouti	Leopardus guigna Kodkod - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Peromyscus maniculatus North American deer mouse - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kingsley EP; Manceau M; Wiley CD ; et al. (2009) Melanism in peromyscus is caused by independent mutations in agouti.	GP00001975	Asip Q03288	Morphology	125kb deletion ; recessive mutation N	Peromyscus maniculatus North American deer mouse - (species)	Peromyscus maniculatus North American deer mouse - (species)	Agouti	Peromyscus maniculatus North American deer mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Sciurus niger fox squirrel - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	McRobie HR; Moncrief ND; Mundy NI (2019) Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus).	GP00002335		Morphology	Gly121Cys	Sciurus niger fox squirrel - (species)	Sciurus niger fox squirrel - (species) D	Agouti	Sciurus niger fox squirrel - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti	Coloration (coat)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Mus musculus molossinus Japanese wild mouse - (subspecies) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tanave A; Imai Y; Koide T (2019) Nested retrotransposition in the East Asian mouse genome causes the classical nonagouti mutation.	GP00002386	Asip Q03288	Morphology		Mus musculus molossinus Japanese wild mouse - (subspecies)	Mus musculus molossinus Japanese wild mouse - (subspecies) D	Agouti	Mus musculus molossinus Japanese wild mouse - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Berryere TG; Kerns JA; Barsh GS ; et al. (2005) Association of an Agouti allele with fawn or sable coat color in domestic dogs.	GP00000060	Asip Q03288	Morphology	c.244G>T + 248G>A ; p.A82S + p.R83H A82S and R83H in Linkage Disequilibrium a G-to-T transversion and a G-to-A transition in exon 4 at positions corresponding to residues 244 and 248 of the cDNA sequence It is unknown if one or both substitutions alter Agouti protein function	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Agouti (ASIP)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kerns JA; Newton J; Berryere TG ; et al. (2004) Characterization of the dog Agouti gene and a nonagoutimutation in German Shepherd Dogs. 1 Additional References Berryere TG; Kerns JA; Barsh GS (2005) Association of an Agouti allele with fawn or sable coat color in domestic dogs.	GP00000061	Asip Q03288	Morphology	R96C ; g.23393552C>T c.286C>T p.R96C	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Norris BJ; Whan VA (2008) A gene duplication affecting expression of the ovine ASIP gene is responsible for white and black sh[...] 1 Additional References Hepp D; Gonçalves GL; Moreira GR (2016) Epistatic Interaction of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor and Agouti Signaling Protein Genes Modulates Wo[...]	GP00001324	Asip Q03288	Morphology	~190kb gene duplication causing dominant white phenotype. Duplication was facilitated by homologous recombination between two non-LTR SINE sequences flanking the duplicated segment ; possible involvement of gene conversion.	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Cis-regulatory, SNP	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Norris BJ; Whan VA (2008) A gene duplication affecting expression of the ovine ASIP gene is responsible for white and black sh[...]	GP00001325	Asip Q03288	Morphology	unidentified promoter silencing	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Abitbol M; Legrand R; Tiret L (2015) A missense mutation in the agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP) is associated with the no light poin[...]	GP00001335	Asip Q03288	Morphology	c.349T>C p.Cys117Arg	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Dreger DL; Schmutz SM (2011 Sep-Oct) A SINE insertion causes the black-and-tan and saddle tan phenotypes in domestic dogs.	GP00001336	Asip Q03288	Morphology	A 239bp SINE insertion in reverse orientation in intron 1	Canis lupus gray wolf - (species)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, Insertion N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Fontanesi L; Forestier L; Allain D ; et al. (2010) Characterization of the rabbit agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene: transcripts and phylogenetic an[...] 1 Additional References Sakuma Y; Matsunami M; Takada T (2019) Multiple Conserved Elements Structuring Inverted Repeats in the Mammalian Coat Color-Related Gene As[...]	GP00001968	Asip Q03288	Morphology	an insertion in exon 2 of the black nonagouti allele = c.5_6insA mutation which causes a frameshift and a predicted truncated protein of only 21 amino acids N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, Deletion N	D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Miller SM; Guthrie AJ; Harper CK (2016) Single base-pair deletion in ASIP exon 3 associated with recessive black phenotype in impala (Aepyce[...]	GP00001977	Asip Q03288	Morphology	recessive c.174delA was found in all black phenotype sequences ; premature stop codon (239–241 bp) N		D	Agouti (ASIP)		Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, Deletion N	Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Almathen F; Elbir H; Bahbahani H ; et al. (2018) Polymorphisms in MC1R and ASIP Genes are Associated with Coat Color Variation in the Arabian Camel. 1 Additional References Alshanbari F; Castaneda C; Juras R (2019) Comparative FISH-Mapping of MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP1 in New and Old World Camelids and Association Anal[...]	GP00001978	Asip Q03288	Morphology	1-bp deletion at position 23 resulting in frameshift N	Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel - (species)	Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Morgan HD; Sutherland HG; Martin DI ; et al. (1999) Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse.	GP00002107	Asip Q03288	Morphology	insertion of an intra-cisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon upstream of the agouti gene (A). This activates transcription and causes ectopic expression of agouti protein; resulting in yellow fur; obesity; diabetes and increased susceptibility to tumours. The pleiotropic effects of ectopic agouti expression are presumably due to effects of the paracrine signal on other tissues.	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (skin)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Yu S; Wang G; Liao J (2019) Association of a novel SNP in the ASIP gene with skin color in black-bone chicken.	GP00002130	Asip Q03288	Morphology		Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Agouti (ASIP)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Chandramohan B; Renieri C; La Manna V ; et al. (2013) The alpaca agouti gene: genomic locus, transcripts and causative mutations of eumelanic and pheomela[...]	GP00002336	Asip Q03288	Morphology	p.R98C likely affecting conformation in a cysteine-rich domain	Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species)	Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat; dorso-ventral)	Coding, Insertion N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Letko A; Ammann B; Jagannathan V ; et al. (2020) A deletion spanning the promoter and first exon of the hair cycle-specific ASIP transcript isoform i[...]	GP00002373	Asip Q03288	Morphology	"The structural variant represented an approximately 11 kb deletion (NC_013672.1:g.5,455,408_5,466,123del; Fig. 2). In rabbit, there are currently two ASIP transcript isoforms annotated (NCBI annotation release 102). The deletion removes the entire first 5′-untranslated exon of one of these transcripts (NM_001122939.1). (...) he deletion removed the transcription start site and the first untranslated exon of the presumably hair cycle-specific transcript isoform, suggesting that this is the most likely causative variant for the black and tan phenotype." N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Capra hircus goat - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Henkel J; Dubacher A; Bangerter E ; et al. (2021) Introgression of ASIP and TYRP1 Alleles Explains Coat Color Variation in Valais Goats.	GP00002381	Asip Q03288	Morphology	"The white Capra Sempione carried one copy of the AWt allele, which is commonly found in Saanen and Appenzell goats. AWt involves a triplication of ~155 kb comprising the coding sequence of the ASIP, AHCY and ITCH genes (Fontanesi et al. 2009; Henkel et al. 2019). Closer inspection of the short-read alignments revealed that the sequenced Capra Sempione had acquired additional smaller structural alterations compared to the original AWt allele, which comprised a duplication of 1053 bp inserted into a 10 194 bp deletion of the original AWt CNV allele (Supplementary Figure S1)."	Capra hircus goat - (species)	Capra hircus goat - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Capra hircus goat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Agouti (ASIP)	Coloration (coat)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Capra hircus goat - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Henkel J; Dubacher A; Bangerter E ; et al. (2021) Introgression of ASIP and TYRP1 Alleles Explains Coat Color Variation in Valais Goats.	GP00002382	Asip Q03288	Morphology	"The greyish Grüenochte goat carried one copy of the Apc allele, which causes the characteristic black and white pattern of Swiss Peacock goats (Henkel et al. 2019). The Apc allele consists of a central quadruplication of ~45 kb with triplicated adjacent flanking regions comprising ~28 kb and ~42 kb, respectively."	Capra hircus goat - (species)	Capra hircus goat - (species) D	Agouti (ASIP)	Capra hircus goat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AHR	Xenobiotic resistance (dioxins; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; TCDD)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Sterna hirundo hirundo (subspecies) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Karchner SI; Franks DG; Kennedy SW ; et al. (2006) The molecular basis for differential dioxin sensitivity in birds: role of the aryl hydrocarbon recep[...] 1 Additional References Head JA; Hahn ME; Kennedy SW (2008) Key amino acids in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor predict dioxin sensitivity in avian species.	GP00001811	Ahr P30561	Physiology	2 mutations	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Sterna hirundo hirundo (subspecies) D	AHR	Sterna hirundo hirundo (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AHR2	Xenobiotic resistance (pollution; polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs)	Coding, Deletion N	Microgadus tomcod Atlantic tomcod - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Wirgin I; Roy NK; Loftus M ; et al. (2011) Mechanistic basis of resistance to PCBs in Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River.	GP00001809	Ahr P30561	Physiology	6-bp deletion - (nts 1314 to 1319 in exon 10; TTCCTC) that resulted in a two-amino acid (Phe-Leu) deletion located 43 amino acids downstream of the amino terminal of the AHR2 ligand binding domain N	Microgadus tomcod Atlantic tomcod - (species)	Microgadus tomcod Atlantic tomcod - (species) D	AHR2	Microgadus tomcod Atlantic tomcod - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	6 Mutations:	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Linkage Mapping	Choudhary M; Laurie CC (1991) Use of in vitro mutagenesis to analyze the molecular basis of the difference in Adh expression assoc[...] 4 Additional References Laurie CC; Bridgham JT; Choudhary M (1991) Associations between DNA sequence variation and variation in expression of the Adh gene in natural p[...] King EG; Merkes CM; McNeil CL (2012) Genetic dissection of a model complex trait using the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource. Siddiq MA; Loehlin DW; Montooth KL (2017) Experimental test and refutation of a classic case of molecular adaptation in Drosophila melanogaste[...] Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K (2019) A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.	GP00001962	Adh P00334	Physiology	6 mutations	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	4 Mutations:	Drosophila yakuba (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019) A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.	GP00001963	Adh P00334	Physiology	4 mutations	Drosophila santomea (species)	Drosophila yakuba (species)	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila yakuba (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	4 Mutations:	Drosophila erecta (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019) A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.	GP00001964	Adh P00334	Physiology	4 mutations	Drosophila orena (species)	Drosophila erecta (species)	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila erecta (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	5 Mutations:	Drosophila virilis (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019) A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.	GP00001965	Adh P00334	Physiology	5 mutations	Drosophila americana (species)	Drosophila virilis (species) D	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila virilis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Strand DJ; McDonald JF (1989) Insertion of a copia element 5' to the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adh) is a[...]	GP00001989	Adh P00334	Physiology	insertion of a complete 5.2kb copia retroviral-like transposable element 240 bp upstream from the distal (adult) adh transcriptional start site	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	Coding, Insertion N	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Freeth AL; Gibson JB; Wilks AV (1990) Aberrant splicing of a naturally occurring alcohol dehydrogenase null activity allele in Drosophila [...] 1 Additional References Gibson JB; Wilks AV; Agrotis A (1992) Molecular relationships between alcohol dehydrogenase null-activity alleles from natural populations[...]	GP00001990	Adh P00334	Physiology	eight extra nucleotides (in two groups of four) in the second intron commencing six bases 3' from the 5' splice site. A stop codon was also found in exon 2. S1 nuclease protection experiments have shown that the insertions in intron 2 disrupt the correct splicing of intron 2. The null allele produces a transcript approximately 100 bases longer than the normal mature adult transcript, and the amount of the null allele transcript is only about 10% of the normal level. N	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Xenobiotic resistance (alcohol)	Coding, Deletion N	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gibson JB; Wilks AV; Agrotis A (1992) Molecular relationships between alcohol dehydrogenase null-activity alleles from natural populations[...]	GP00001991	Adh P00334	Physiology	438-bp deletion which removes most of exon 2. Lys to Thr substitution: ACG at the sites 1489--1491 N	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ameloblastin (AMBN)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Sire JY; Delgado SC; Girondot M (2008) Hen's teeth with enamel cap: from dream to impossibility.	GP00001934	AMBN Q9NP70	Physiology	synteny of the corresponding region - the gene has been likely deleted from the chicken genome as a consequence of intrachromosomal rearrangements which have probably occurred in the lineage that led to the last common ancestor of modern birds N	Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier's dwarf caiman - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	ameloblastin (AMBN)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ameloblastin (AMBN)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Coding, Unknown N	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Deméré TA; McGowen MR; Berta A ; et al. (2008) Morphological and molecular evidence for a stepwise evolutionary transition from teeth to baleen in [...] 1 Additional References Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001938	AMBN Q9NP70	Physiology	multiple frameshift mutations N	Cetacea whales - (order)	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder) D	ameloblastin (AMBN)	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amelogenin (AMEL)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	3 Mutations: Coding N	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Sire JY; Delgado SC; Girondot M (2008) Hen's teeth with enamel cap: from dream to impossibility.	GP00001933	Amelx P63277	Physiology	3 mutations	Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier's dwarf caiman - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	amelogenin (AMEL)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amelogenin (AMEL)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Coding, Unknown N	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J ; et al. (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001937	Amelx P63277	Physiology	J. Gatesy 2010 unpublished data cited in the main reference N	Cetacea whales - (order)	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder) D	amelogenin (AMEL)	Mysticeti baleen whales - (suborder)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Aminopeptidase N (APN)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ac toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Experimental Evolution	Candidate Gene	Yang Y; Zhu YC; Ottea J ; et al. (2010) Molecular characterization and RNA interference of three midgut aminopeptidase N isozymes from Bacil[...]	GP00002463	apn Q9VFX3	Physiology	deletion removing 22 amino acids. The mutant form failed to bind Cry1Ac unlike the full-length susceptible form. N	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Aminopeptidase N (APN)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AMPD1 [clinical; candidate gene study; added for insights on fly-human parallelism]	Drug resistance	Unknown, Unknown	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Wessels JA; van der Kooij SM; le Cessie S ; et al. (2007) A clinical pharmacogenetic model to predict the efficacy of methotrexate monotherapy in recent-onset[...]	GP00000084	AMPD1 P23109	Physiology	unknown	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	AMPD1 [clinical; candidate gene study; added for insights on fly-human parallelism]	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K ; et al. (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00001867	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	Copy Number Variation	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	amylase	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Rattus norvegicus Norway rat - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K ; et al. (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00001868	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	Copy Number Variation	Rattus norvegicus Norway rat - (species)	Rattus norvegicus Norway rat - (species) D	amylase	Rattus norvegicus Norway rat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Sus scrofa pig - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K ; et al. (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00001869	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	Copy Number Variation	Sus scrofa pig - (species)	Sus scrofa pig - (species) D	amylase	Sus scrofa pig - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Cebus capucinus white-faced sapajou - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K ; et al. (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00001870	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	3-4 copies of the amylase gene; which coincides with increased levels of amylase activity in saliva	Aotus trivirgatus douroucouli - (species) Callithrix jacchus white-tufted-ear marmoset - (species)	Cebus capucinus white-faced sapajou - (species) D	amylase	Cebus capucinus white-faced sapajou - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Papio anubis olive baboon - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K ; et al. (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00001871	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	3-4 copies of the amylase gene; which coincides with increased levels of amylase activity in saliva	Cercocebus atys sooty mangabey - (species) Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkey - (species)	Papio anubis olive baboon - (species) D	amylase	Papio anubis olive baboon - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Meles leucurus Asian badger - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Abduriyim Shamshidin; Nishita Yoshinori; Abramov AV ; et al. (2019 ) Variation in pancreatic amylase gene copy number among Eurasian badgers (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Mele[...]	GP00001907	Amy1 P00687	Physiology	Copy Number Variation varies between one and four in this species	Meles leucurus Asian badger - (species)	Meles leucurus Asian badger - (species) D	amylase	Meles leucurus Asian badger - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
amylase 1 (AMY1)	Starch processing	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Perry GH; Dominy NJ; Claw KG ; et al. (2007) Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. 2 Additional References Falchi M; El-Sayed Moustafa JS; Takousis P (2014) Low copy number of the salivary amylase gene predisposes to obesity. Pajic P; Pavlidis P; Dean K (2019) Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals.	GP00000085	AMY1A P04745	Physiology	Probably gene duplication	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	amylase 1 (AMY1)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Deletion N	Petunia axillaris (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Quattrocchio F; Wing J; van der Woude K ; et al. (1999) Molecular analysis of the anthocyanin2 gene of petunia and its role in the evolution of flower color[...]	GP00000089	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	1bp deletion at a.a. 127; premature stop N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species) D	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Insertion N	Petunia axillaris (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Quattrocchio F; Wing J; van der Woude K ; et al. (1999) Molecular analysis of the anthocyanin2 gene of petunia and its role in the evolution of flower color[...]	GP00000090	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	4bp insertion at a.a. 127; premature stop N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species) D	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, SNP N	Petunia axillaris (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Quattrocchio F; Wing J; van der Woude K ; et al. (1999) Molecular analysis of the anthocyanin2 gene of petunia and its role in the evolution of flower color[...]	GP00000091	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	W196* N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species)	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Deletion N	Petunia axillaris (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hoballah ME; Gübitz T; Stuurman J ; et al. (2007) Single gene-mediated shift in pollinator attraction in Petunia.	GP00000092	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	1bp deletion; premature stop N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species) D	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, SNP N	Petunia axillaris (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Hoballah ME; Gübitz T; Stuurman J ; et al. (2007) Single gene-mediated shift in pollinator attraction in Petunia.	GP00000093	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	1 aa substitution; premature stop N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species)	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, SNP N	Petunia axillaris (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Hoballah ME; Gübitz T; Stuurman J ; et al. (2007) Single gene-mediated shift in pollinator attraction in Petunia.	GP00000094	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology	1 aa substitution; premature stop N	Petunia integrifolia (species)	Petunia axillaris (species)	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
anthocyanin2 (an2)	Coloration (anthocyanin accumulation in entire plant)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Capsicum annuum (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Jung S; Venkatesh J; Kang MY ; et al. (2019) A non-LTR retrotransposon activates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating a MYB transcription facto[...]	GP00002051	AN2 A4GRU8	Morphology; Physiology	insertion of a 4.2 kb non-LTR retrotransposon in the promoter (672 bp upstream of the start codon of CaAn2) which may activate expression of CaAn2 by recruiting transcription factors at the 3' UTR	Capsicum annuum (species)	Capsicum annuum (species) D	anthocyanin2 (an2)	Capsicum annuum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Aquaporin	Water transport (selective accumulation of water or glycerol)	Coding, SNP	Polypedilum vanderplanki sleeping chironomid - (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Finn RN; Chauvigné F; Stavang JA ; et al. (2015) Insect glycerol transporters evolved by functional co-option and gene replacement.	GP00001421	AQP1 P29972	Physiology	p.His174Ala	Blattella germanica German cockroach - (species)	Polypedilum vanderplanki sleeping chironomid - (species)	Aquaporin	Polypedilum vanderplanki sleeping chironomid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Aquaporin (AQY1)	Growth rate (environment-dependent)	Coding, Deletion N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Will JL; Kim HS; Clarke J ; et al. (2010) Incipient balancing selection through adaptive loss of aquaporins in natural Saccharomyces cerevisia[...] 1 Additional References Bonhivers M; Carbrey JM; Gould SJ (1998) Aquaporins in Saccharomyces. Genetic and functional distinctions between laboratory and wild-type st[...]	GP00001873	AQP1 P29972	Physiology	aquaporin yeast 1 gene on chromosome 12 - A881 deletion renders AQY1 inactive - size of the deletion not indicated in the paper - GenBank accession numbers for AQY1 and AQY2: GQ848552-74 and GQ870433-54 N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Aquaporin (AQY1)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Aquaporin (AQY2)	Growth rate (environment-dependent)	Coding, Deletion N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Will JL; Kim HS; Clarke J ; et al. (2010) Incipient balancing selection through adaptive loss of aquaporins in natural Saccharomyces cerevisia[...] 1 Additional References Laizé V; Tacnet F; Ripoche P (2000) Polymorphism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae aquaporins.	GP00001876	AQP1 P29972	Physiology	aquaporin yeast 2 gene on chromosome 11 - deletion of nucleotide G at position 25 (G25) which creates a frameshift the AQY2 gene - GenBank accession numbers for AQY1 and AQY2: GQ848552-74 and GQ870433-54 N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Aquaporin (AQY2)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Aquaporin (AQY2)	Growth rate (environment-dependent)	Coding, Deletion N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Will JL; Kim HS; Clarke J ; et al. (2010) Incipient balancing selection through adaptive loss of aquaporins in natural Saccharomyces cerevisia[...]	GP00001877	AQP1 P29972	Physiology	aquaporin yeast 2 gene on chromosome 11 - G528 deletion which creates a frameshift the AQY2 gene - tested in assays - GenBank accession numbers for AQY1 and AQY2: GQ848552-74 and GQ870433-54 N	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Aquaporin (AQY2)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AR	Sensory vibrissae (loss) Penile spine (loss)	Cis-regulatory, Deletion	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	McLean CY; Reno PL; Pollen AA ; et al. (2011) Human-specific loss of regulatory DNA and the evolution of human-specific traits.	GP00000102	AR P10275	Morphology Morphology	Enhancer loss	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	AR	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ARHGAP11B	Neocortex development (basal progenitor amplification)	Coding, SNP N	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Florio M; Namba T; Pääbo S ; et al. (2016) A single splice site mutation in human-specific ARHGAP11B causes basal progenitor amplification.	GP00001442	ARHGAP11B Q3KRB8	Morphology	c.661C>G new splice site mutation removing 55nt from exon 5 truncating a GAP domain N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	ARHGAP11B	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
AtLURE1	Fertilization (pollen-tube attraction by egg)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Takeuchi H; Higashiyama T (2012) A species-specific cluster of defensin-like genes encodes diffusible pollen tube attractants in Arab[...]	GP00000126	LURE1.1 Q4VP09	Physiology	Gene birth	Arabidopsis lyrata (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	AtLURE1	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4A	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Ordoñez GR; Hillier LW; Warren WC ; et al. (2008) Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution.	GP00001908	ATP4A P20648	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence N	Monodelphis domestica gray short-tailed opossum - (species)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	ATP4A	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4A	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001920	ATP4A P20648	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Gadus morhua Atlantic cod - (species) Gasterosteus aculeatus three-spined stickleback - (species) Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species)	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species) D	ATP4A	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4A	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) D Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001922	ATP4A P20648	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species)	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) D Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species) D	ATP4A	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4A	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) D Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001928	ATP4A P20648	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species) Gasterosteus aculeatus three-spined stickleback - (species)	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) D Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species) D	ATP4A	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4B	Digestion (absence of stomach)	3 Mutations: Coding N	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Ordoñez GR; Hillier LW; Warren WC ; et al. (2008) Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution.	GP00001909	ATP4B P51164	Physiology	3 mutations	Monodelphis domestica gray short-tailed opossum - (species) Homo sapiens human - (species)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	ATP4B	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4B	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Callorhinchus milii elephant shark - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001916	ATP4B P51164	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence N	Scyliorhinus canicula smaller spotted catshark - (species)	Callorhinchus milii elephant shark - (species) D	ATP4B	Callorhinchus milii elephant shark - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4B	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001921	ATP4B P51164	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Gadus morhua Atlantic cod - (species) Gasterosteus aculeatus three-spined stickleback - (species) Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species)	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species) D	ATP4B	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4B	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) D Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001923	ATP4B P51164	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species)	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) D Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species) D	ATP4B	Oryzias latipes Japanese medaka - (species) Xiphophorus maculatus southern platyfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ATP4B	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) D Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Castro LF; Gonçalves O; Mazan S ; et al. (2014) Recurrent gene loss correlates with the evolution of stomach phenotypes in gnathostome history.	GP00001929	ATP4B P51164	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia - (species) Gasterosteus aculeatus three-spined stickleback - (species)	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) D Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species) D	ATP4B	Takifugu rubripes torafugu - (species) Tetraodon nigroviridis spotted green pufferfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
avpr1a	Male sexual fidelity (monogamous regime)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Okhovat M; Berrio A; Wallace G ; et al. (2015) Sexual fidelity trade-offs promote regulatory variation in the prairie vole brain. 1 Additional References Berrio A; Guerrero RF; Aglyamova GV (2018) Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: Evidence of balancing selection, regulatory in[...]	GP00000129	Avpr1a Q62463	Behavior	unknown	Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole - (species)	Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole - (species)	avpr1a	Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab	Coloration (abdomen; female)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila yakuba (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013) Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]	GP00002008	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	causing mutation(s) unknown. Cis-regulatory element assayed with a GFP reporter in D. melanogaster.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila yakuba (species)	bab	Drosophila yakuba (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab	Coloration (abdomen; female)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila fuyamai (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013) Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]	GP00002009	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	causing mutation(s) unknown. Cis-regulatory element assayed with a GFP reporter in D. melanogaster.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila fuyamai (species)	bab	Drosophila fuyamai (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab	Coloration (abdomen; female)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila auraria (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013) Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]	GP00002010	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	causing mutation(s) unknown. Cis-regulatory element assayed with a GFP reporter in D. melanogaster.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila auraria (species)	bab	Drosophila auraria (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab	Coloration (abdomen; female)	2 Mutations: Cis-regulatory SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013) Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]	GP00002610	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	2 mutations	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	bab	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab	Coloration (abdomen; female)	2 Mutations: Cis-regulatory SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Rogers WA; Salomone JR; Tacy DJ ; et al. (2013) Recurrent modification of a conserved cis-regulatory element underlies fruit fly pigmentation divers[...]	GP00002611	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	2 mutations	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	bab	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bab1	Coloration (abdomen)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Williams TM; Selegue JE; Werner T ; et al. (2008) The regulation and evolution of a genetic switch controlling sexually dimorphic traits in Drosophila[...]	GP00000131	bab1 Q9W0K7	Morphology	inter - ABD-B- and DSX- binding site spacing was reduced in regions I, II, and III gain of ABD-B binding site 13	Drosophila willistoni (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	bab1	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Deletion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Shi Weiwei; Yang Yi; Chen Saihua ; et al. (2008 ) Discovery of a new fragrance allele and the development of functional markers for the breeding of fr[...] 1 Additional References Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001772	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	7-bp deletion in exon 2 resulting in premature stop codon N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Deletion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001773	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	2-bp deletion in exon 1 resulting in premature stop codon N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Insertion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001774	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	insertion of 1 bp (T) in exon 10 N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, SNP N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001775	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	G>T substitution in exon 10 - need to check the sequence to check if this mutation is nonsense or nonsynonymous N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, SNP N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001776	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	G>T substitution in exon 14 - need to check the sequence to check if this mutation is nonsense or nonsynonymous N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, SNP N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001777	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	C>T substitution in exon 13 - need to check the sequence to check if this mutation is nonsense or nonsynonymous N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Deletion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001778	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	1-bp deletion in exon 10 - causes a frameshift N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Insertion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001779	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	1-bp insertion (G) in exon 14 N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BADH2	Fragrance	Coding, Insertion N	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kovach MJ; Calingacion MN; Fitzgerald MA ; et al. (2009) The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).	GP00001780	BADH2 Q84LK3	Physiology	3-bp insertion (TAT) in exon 13 - causes a frameshift N	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Oryza sativa rice - (species) D	BADH2	Oryza sativa rice - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Carotenoid content (yellow fat)	Coding, SNP N	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Våge DI; Boman IA (2010) A nonsense mutation in the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene is tightly associated with accumula[...] 1 Additional References Niu Y; Jin M; Li Y (2017) Biallelic β-carotene oxygenase 2 knockout results in yellow fat in sheep via CRISPR/Cas9.	GP00000140	BCO2 Q9BYV7	Physiology	g.21947481C>T ; c.196C>T ; p.Q66* N	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Carotenoid content (yellow fat)	Coding, Deletion N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Strychalski J; Brym P; Czarnik U ; et al. (2015) A novel AAT-deletion mutation in the coding sequence of the BCO2 gene in yellow-fat rabbits.	GP00002152	BCO2 Q9BYV7	Physiology	AAT-deletion mutation at Asp codon 248 of the BCO2 gene located at the beginning of exon 6 which results in the removal of an Asp N	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species) D	BCO2 = beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kwa MS; Veenstra JG; Roos MH (1994) Benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus is correlated with a conserved mutation at amino ac[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001785	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	beta-tubulin	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Trichostrongylus colubriformis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kwa MS; Veenstra JG; Roos MH (1994) Benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus is correlated with a conserved mutation at amino ac[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001786	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Trichostrongylus colubriformis (species)	Trichostrongylus colubriformis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Trichostrongylus colubriformis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001788	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001789	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr		D	beta-tubulin		Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium italicum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001790	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Penicillium italicum (species)	Penicillium italicum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium italicum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001791	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species)	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001792	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu198Lys	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species)	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium aurantiogriseum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium viridicatum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001793	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu198Lys	Penicillium viridicatum (species)	Penicillium viridicatum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium viridicatum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Clarireedia homoeocarpa (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001794	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Lys	Clarireedia homoeocarpa (species)	Clarireedia homoeocarpa (species) D	beta-tubulin	Clarireedia homoeocarpa (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001795	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Lys	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001796	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Ala	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Venturia inaequalis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Venturia inaequalis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001797	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Ala		D	beta-tubulin		Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Monilinia fructicola (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001798	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Lys	Monilinia fructicola (species)	Monilinia fructicola (species) D	beta-tubulin	Monilinia fructicola (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium puberulum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001799	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Lys	Penicillium puberulum (species)	Penicillium puberulum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium puberulum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium puberulum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001800	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Ala	Penicillium puberulum (species)	Penicillium puberulum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium puberulum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium digitatum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001801	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Lys	Penicillium digitatum (species)	Penicillium digitatum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium digitatum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium expansum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Fujimura M; Oeda K; Inoue H (1990 ) Mechanism of action of N-phenylcarbamates in benzimidazole-resistant Neurospora strains	GP00001802	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu1198Ala	Penicillium expansum (species)	Penicillium expansum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium expansum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benomyl)	Coding, SNP	Penicillium italicum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Koenraadt Harrie; Somerville Shauna C; Jones AL Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturi[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001803	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu198Lys	Penicillium italicum (species)	Penicillium italicum (species) D	beta-tubulin	Penicillium italicum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Elard L; Humbert JF (1999) Importance of the mutation of amino acid 200 of the isotype 1 beta-tubulin gene in the benzimidazole[...]	GP00001815	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species)	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species) D	beta-tubulin	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Prichard R; Oxberry M; Bounhas Y ; et al. (2000 ) Polymerisation and benzimidazole binding assays with recombinant α-and β-tubulins from Haemonchus co[...] 2 Additional References Silvestre A; Cabaret J (2002) Mutation in position 167 of isotype 1 beta-tubulin gene of Trichostrongylid nematodes: role in benzi[...] Li J; Katiyar SK; Edlind TD (1996) Site-directed mutagenesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-tubulin: interaction between residue 167 [...]	GP00001816	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe167Tyr - In vitro assays have demonstrated that a Tyr residue in position 167 of b-tubulin impeded BZ binding with recombinant H. contortus b-tubulin (produced in a prokaryote system)	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	beta-tubulin	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Cyathostoma (genus) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Silvestre A; Cabaret J (2002) Mutation in position 167 of isotype 1 beta-tubulin gene of Trichostrongylid nematodes: role in benzi[...] 1 Additional References Li J; Katiyar SK; Edlind TD (1996) Site-directed mutagenesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-tubulin: interaction between residue 167 [...]	GP00001817	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe167Tyr - In vitro assays have demonstrated that a Tyr residue in position 167 of b-tubulin impeded BZ binding with recombinant H. contortus and S. cerevisiae b-tubulin (produced in a prokaryote system)	Cyathostoma (genus)	Cyathostoma (genus) D	beta-tubulin	Cyathostoma (genus)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Neurospora crassa (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Orbach MJ; Porro EB; Yanofsky C (1986) Cloning and characterization of the gene for beta-tubulin from a benomyl-resistant mutant of Neurosp[...]	GP00001818	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe167Tyr	Neurospora crassa (species)	Neurospora crassa (species) D	beta-tubulin	Neurospora crassa (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Silvestre A; Cabaret J (2002) Mutation in position 167 of isotype 1 beta-tubulin gene of Trichostrongylid nematodes: role in benzi[...]	GP00001819	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe167Tyr	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species)	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species) D	beta-tubulin	Teladorsagia circumcincta (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Ghisi M; Kaminsky R; Mäser P (2007) Phenotyping and genotyping of Haemonchus contortus isolates reveals a new putative candidate mutatio[...]	GP00001820	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Glu198Ala	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species) D	beta-tubulin	Haemonchus contortus barber pole worm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...]	GP00001821	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...]	GP00001822	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001823	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198A	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001824	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198G	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001825	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198K	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Oculimacula acuformis (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula acuformis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001826	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198A	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001827	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198G	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001828	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	E198Q	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albertini Catherine; Gredt Michel; Leroux Pierre (1999 ) Mutations of the β-tubulin gene associated with different phenotypes of benzimidazole resistance in [...] 1 Additional References Fujimura Makoto; Kamakura Takashi; Inoue Hirokazu (1992 ) Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to benzimidazoles and N-phenylcarbamates: effect of amino acid subs[...]	GP00001829	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	L240F	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Oculimacula yallundae (species) D	beta-tubulin	Oculimacula yallundae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
beta-tubulin (ben4)	Xenobiotic resistance (benzimidazole)	Coding, SNP	Aspergillus nidulans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jung MK; Wilder IB; Oakley BR (1992) Amino acid alterations in the benA (beta-tubulin) gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confer benomyl r[...] 1 Additional References Hahnel SR; Zdraljevic S; Rodriguez BC (2018) Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resist[...]	GP00001787	TUB2 P02557	Physiology	Phe200Tyr	Aspergillus nidulans (species)	Aspergillus nidulans (species) D	beta-tubulin (ben4)	Aspergillus nidulans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bHLH2	Coloration (flower; seed)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Park KI; Ishikawa N; Morita Y ; et al. (2007) A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthe[...]	GP00002078	BHLH2 Q9CAD0	Morphology	two copies of 3.9-kb Tip100 integrated into bHLH2 exon 7 and intron 2 N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	bHLH2	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bHLH2	Coloration (flower; seed)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Park KI; Ishikawa N; Morita Y ; et al. (2007) A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthe[...]	GP00002085	BHLH2 Q9CAD0	Morphology	only one copy of Tip100 in exon 7 and no apparent footprint of Tip100 in intron 2 N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	bHLH2	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bHLH2	Coloration (flower; seed)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Park KI; Ishikawa N; Morita Y ; et al. (2007) A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthe[...]	GP00002086	BHLH2 Q9CAD0	Morphology	insertion of 838 bp IpMu1 in exon 2 N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	bHLH2	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bHLH2	Coloration (flowers; seeds)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea tricolor (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Park KI; Choi JD; Hoshino A ; et al. (2004) An intragenic tandem duplication in a transcriptional regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis c[...]	GP00002091	BHLH2 Q9CAD0	Morphology	intragenic tandem duplication of 3.3 kbp of the bHLH2 gene. Each of the tandem repeats is flanked by a 3-bp sequence AAT; indicating that the 3-bp microhomology is used to generate the tandem duplication. The transcripts in the pale-blue flower buds of the mutant contain an internal 583-bp tandem duplication that results in the production of a truncated polypeptide lacking the bHLH domain. The mRNA accumulation of most of the structural genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flower buds of the mutant was significantly reduced. The transcripts identical to the wild-type mRNAs for the transcriptional activator were present abundantly in blue spots of the variegated flowers whereas the transcripts containing the 583-bp tandem duplication were predominant in the pale-blue background of the same flowers. The flower and seed variegations studied here are likely to be caused by somatic homologous recombination between an intragenic tandem duplication in the gene encoding a bHLH transcriptional activator for anthocyanin biosynthesis. N	Ipomoea tricolor (species)	Ipomoea tricolor (species) D	bHLH2	Ipomoea tricolor (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
bHLH2	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Insertion N	Petunia axillaris (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Spelt C; Quattrocchio F; Mol J ; et al. (2002) ANTHOCYANIN1 of petunia controls pigment synthesis, vacuolar pH, and seed coat development by geneti[...]	GP00002092	BHLH2 Q9CAD0	Morphology	insertion of a dTph1 transposon in the AN1 gene N	Petunia axillaris (species)	Petunia axillaris (species) D	bHLH2	Petunia axillaris (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BMP15	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, SNP N	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Hanrahan JP; Gregan SM; Mulsant P ; et al. (2004) Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both inc[...]	GP00002155	Bmp15 Q9Z0L4	Physiology	c.718C>T ; p.Q239* N	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	BMP15	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BMP15	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, SNP	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Hanrahan JP; Gregan SM; Mulsant P ; et al. (2004) Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both inc[...]	GP00002157	Bmp15 Q9Z0L4	Physiology	c.1100G>T p.S367I	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	BMP15	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BMP15	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, Deletion N	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Martinez-Royo A; Jurado JJ; Smulders JP ; et al. (2008) A deletion in the bone morphogenetic protein 15 gene causes sterility and increased prolificacy in R[...] 1 Additional References Monteagudo LV; Ponz R; Tejedor MT (2009) A 17 bp deletion in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) gene is associated to increased prolif[...]	GP00002158	Bmp15 Q9Z0L4	Physiology	c.525_541del17 p.Pro45Asnfs*54 N	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	BMP15	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BMP15	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, Insertion N	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Lassoued N; Benkhlil Z; Woloszyn F ; et al. (2017) FecX a Novel BMP15 mutation responsible for prolificacy and female sterility in Tunisian Barbarine [...]	GP00002159	Bmp15 Q9Z0L4	Physiology	C insertion (c.310insC) in the ovine BMP15 cDNA leading to a frame shift at protein position 101 N	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	BMP15	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BNA1	Nicotinid acid metabolism	Gene Loss, Deletion N	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Domergue R; Castaño I; De Las Peñas A ; et al. (2005) Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI.	GP00001878	BNA1 P47096	Physiology	Size of the deletion not mentioned in the paper N	Candida albicans (species)	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	BNA1	[Candida] glabrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BNA2	Nicotinid acid metabolism	Gene Loss, Deletion N	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Domergue R; Castaño I; De Las Peñas A ; et al. (2005) Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI.	GP00001879	P47125NULL	Physiology	Size of the deletion not mentioned in the paper N	Candida albicans (species)	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	BNA2	[Candida] glabrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BNA4	Nicotinid acid metabolism	Gene Loss, Deletion N	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Domergue R; Castaño I; De Las Peñas A ; et al. (2005) Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI.	GP00001880	BNA4 P38169	Physiology	Size of the deletion not mentioned in the paper N	Candida albicans (species)	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	BNA4	[Candida] glabrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BNA5	Nicotinid acid metabolism	Gene Loss, Deletion N	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Domergue R; Castaño I; De Las Peñas A ; et al. (2005) Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI.	GP00001881	BNA5 Q05979	Physiology	Size of the deletion not mentioned in the paper N	Candida albicans (species)	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	BNA5	[Candida] glabrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BNA6	Nicotinid acid metabolism	Gene Loss, Deletion N	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Domergue R; Castaño I; De Las Peñas A ; et al. (2005) Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI.	GP00001882	BNA6 P43619	Physiology	Size of the deletion not mentioned in the paper N	Candida albicans (species)	[Candida] glabrata (species) D	BNA6	[Candida] glabrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
BRANCHED1a (BRC1a)	Plant architecture Inflorescence architecture	Coding, SNP	Solanum (genus) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Nicolas M; Rodríguez-Buey ML; Franco-Zorrilla JM ; et al. (2015) A Recently Evolved Alternative Splice Site in the BRANCHED1a Gene Controls Potato Plant Architecture[...]	GP00000156	BRC1A F6KB94	Morphology Morphology	Evolution of an alternative splice site (G>A) that unlocks a short isoform	Capsicum annuum (species)	Solanum (genus) D	BRANCHED1a (BRC1a)	Solanum (genus)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Brevis radix (BRX)	pH tolerance (acidic soil)	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gujas B; Alonso-Blanco C; Hardtke CS (2012) Natural Arabidopsis brx loss-of-function alleles confer root adaptation to acidic soil.	GP00001236	BRX Q17TI5	Physiology	K188* (stop codon) N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Brevis radix (BRX)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry1Ac)	Coding, SNP N	Helicoverpa punctigera (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh T; James B; Chakroun M ; et al. (2018) Isolating, characterising and identifying a Cry1Ac resistance mutation in field populations of Helic[...]	GP00002055	BtR Q19KJ3	Physiology	splice site GT mutated in GA so that splicing does not occur correctly and a 58 bp insertion is found in the cDNA sequence of the cadherin gene. This insertion disrupts the coding sequence in cadherin domain 9 causing a downstream frameshift and a premature stop codon for the rest of the protein. This would result in a truncated protein of 1243 amino acids without the putative binding domain; the membrane anchoring domain; presumably retained inside the cell and not exposed to the Cry1Ac; or alternatively; exported into the gut where it would be degraded N	Helicoverpa punctigera (species)	Helicoverpa punctigera (species) D	cadherin	Helicoverpa punctigera (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Insertion N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	Experimental Evolution	Candidate Gene	Morin S; Biggs RW; Sisterson MS ; et al. (2003) Three cadherin alleles associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in pink bollworm. 1 Additional References Fabrick JA; Mathew LG; Tabashnik BE (2011) Insertion of an intact CR1 retrotransposon in a cadherin gene linked with Bt resistance in the pink [...]	GP00002449	A0A1B0RHM4	Physiology	insertion into PgCad1 of an active chicken repeat (CR1) retrotransposon designated CR1-1_Pg. Unlike most other CR1 elements CR1-1_Pg is intact and transcribed by a flanking promoter. It contains target site duplications and has a relatively low number of copies. Examination of transcripts from the PgCad1 locus revealed that CR1-1_Pg disrupts both the cadherin protein and a long noncoding RNA of unknown function. N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	cadherin	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	Experimental Evolution	Candidate Gene	Morin S; Biggs RW; Sisterson MS ; et al. (2003) Three cadherin alleles associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in pink bollworm.	GP00002450	A0A1B0RHM4	Physiology	24-bp deletion in putative exon 21 causing the loss of eight amino acid residues N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	cadherin	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry2Ab toxin)	Coding, Deletion N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	Experimental Evolution	Candidate Gene	Morin S; Biggs RW; Sisterson MS ; et al. (2003) Three cadherin alleles associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in pink bollworm.	GP00002451	A0A1B0RHM4	Physiology	126-bp deletion spanning a putative intron 15/exon 16 splice site that introduces a premature stop codon and causes loss of the final 929 amino acid residues. N	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species) D	cadherin	Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry1Ac toxin)	Coding, Deletion	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jin T; Chang X; Gatehouse AM ; et al. (2014) Downregulation and mutation of a Cadherin gene associated with Cry1Ac resistance in the Asian Corn B[...] 1 Additional References Jurat-Fuentes JL; Heckel DG; Ferré J (2021) Mechanisms of Resistance to Insecticidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis.	GP00002464	A0A1B0RHM4	Physiology	MPR-r2 has a 26-amino acid residue deletion in the TBR which results in reduced binding of Cry1Ac compared to the MPR from the susceptible strain.	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species)	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species) D	cadherin	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cadherin	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; Bt Cry1Ac toxin)	Coding, SNP	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jin T; Chang X; Gatehouse AM ; et al. (2014) Downregulation and mutation of a Cadherin gene associated with Cry1Ac resistance in the Asian Corn B[...] 1 Additional References Jurat-Fuentes JL; Heckel DG; Ferré J (2021) Mechanisms of Resistance to Insecticidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis.	GP00002465	A0A1B0RHM4	Physiology	Thr1457Ser	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species)	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species) D	cadherin	Ostrinia furnacalis Asian corn borer - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cardinal	Coloration (eyes)	Coding, Insertion N	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Shirai Y; Daimon T (2020) Mutations in cardinal are responsible for the red-1 and peach eye color mutants of the red flour bee[...]	GP00002665	cd Q9VCW2	Morphology	A fragment of a transposable element (about 5 kb - 99% identical in amino acids to a putative retrotransposon (XP_015838217)) is inserted into exon 6. This insertion introduced a premature stop codon just after the insertion site. Amino acid residues near the C-terminal end of the haem peroxidase domain are thus disrupted. N	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species)	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species) D	cardinal	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cardinal	Coloration (eyes)	Coding, Deletion N	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Shirai Y; Daimon T (2020) Mutations in cardinal are responsible for the red-1 and peach eye color mutants of the red flour bee[...]	GP00002666	cd Q9VCW2	Morphology	1-bp deletion in exon 6 that causes a frameshift mutation. Amino acid residues near the C-terminal end of the haem peroxidase domain are thus disrupted. N	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species)	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species) D	cardinal	Tribolium castaneum red flour beetle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cardinal	Coloration (eyes)	Coding, SNP N	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Osanai-Futahashi M; Tatematsu KI; Futahashi R ; et al. (2016) Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommoc[...]	GP00002667	cd Q9VCW2	Morphology	Missense mutation in a conserved motif in exon 9. The tryptophan residue which is converted to arginine in the two pe strains is widely conserved in holometabolous insects. N	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species)	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species) D	cardinal	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)	Pain sensitivity	Cis-regulatory, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Nackley AG; Shabalina SA; Tchivileva IE ; et al. (2006) Human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes modulate protein expression by altering mRNA secondary[...]	GP00000171	COMT P21964	Behavior	G/C - The synonymous mutation(s) affect mRNA stability and loop structures	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cathepsin E	Digestion (absence of stomach)	2 Mutations: Coding N	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Ordoñez GR; Hillier LW; Warren WC ; et al. (2008) Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution.	GP00001910	CTSE P14091	Physiology	2 mutations	Monodelphis domestica gray short-tailed opossum - (species) Homo sapiens human - (species)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	cathepsin E	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cauliflower (BoCAL)	Inflorescence morphology	Coding, SNP N	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (varietas) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kempin SA; Savidge B; Yanofsky MF (1995) Molecular basis of the cauliflower phenotype in Arabidopsis. 1 Additional References Purugganan MD; Boyles AL; Suddith JI (2000) Variation and selection at the CAULIFLOWER floral homeotic gene accompanying the evolution of domest[...]	GP00000173	CAL Q39081	Morphology	GAG>TAG; E151*; protein truncated after only 150 of the 255 amino acids of the wild-type protein N	Brassica oleracea wild cabbage - (species)	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (varietas) D	Cauliflower (BoCAL)	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (varietas)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CBF2-CBF4; CBF13	Temperature tolerance (cold)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Hordeum vulgare (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Knox AK; Dhillon T; Cheng H ; et al. (2010) CBF gene copy number variation at Frost Resistance-2 is associated with levels of freezing tolerance[...]	GP00000176	B1NSN2	Physiology	tandem duplication of CBF2-CBF4 region and/or pseudogenisation of CBF13	Hordeum vulgare (species)	Hordeum vulgare (species)	CBF2-CBF4; CBF13	Hordeum vulgare (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CCL3L1	Pathogen resistance (HIV)	Gene Amplification, Indel	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gonzalez E; Kulkarni H; Bolivar H ; et al. (2005) The influence of CCL3L1 gene-containing segmental duplications on HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility.	GP00000177	CCL3L1 P16619	Physiology	Copy number Variant	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	CCL3L1	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Chalcone synthase D (CHS-D)	Coloration (flower)	Unknown, Insertion	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Habu Y; Hisatomi Y; Iida S (1998) Molecular characterization of the mutable flaked allele for flower variegation in the common morning[...]	GP00001459	CHSD O22045	Morphology	insertion of a 3.9kb long transposable element Tip100 in intron	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Chalcone synthase D (CHS-D)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Chalcone synthase D (CHS-D)	Coloration (flower)	Unknown, Insertion	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Habu Y; Hisatomi Y; Iida S (1998) Molecular characterization of the mutable flaked allele for flower variegation in the common morning[...]	GP00001460	CHSD O22045	Morphology	2 insertions of Tip100 in opposite orientation at different sites within the same intron	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Chalcone synthase D (CHS-D)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide ; benzoylurea)	Coding, SNP	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Douris V; Steinbach D; Panteleri R ; et al. (2016) Resistance mutation conserved between insects and mites unravels the benzoylurea insecticide mode of[...]	GP00001600	CHS1 A3KCN0	Physiology	T>G p.I1042M (I1056 in D. melanogaster) located in the C-terminal transmembrane domain	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; benzoylurea)	Coding, SNP	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Douris V; Steinbach D; Panteleri R ; et al. (2016) Resistance mutation conserved between insects and mites unravels the benzoylurea insecticide mode of[...]	GP00001601	CHS1 A3KCN0	Physiology	A>T p.I1042F (I1056 in D. melanogaster) located in the C-terminal transmembrane domain	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; benzoylurea)	Coding, SNP	Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Suzuki Y; Shiotsuki T; Jouraku A ; et al. (2017) Benzoylurea resistance in western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)[...]	GP00002628	CHS1 A3KCN0	Physiology	isoleucine to methionine	Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips - (species)	Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips - (species) D	Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)	Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
chordin	Fin morphology (skeleton; dorsal fin; caudal fin; tail; paired fin)	Coding, SNP N	Carassius auratus goldfish - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Abe G; Lee SH; Chang M ; et al. (2014) The origin of the bifurcated axial skeletal system in the twin-tail goldfish. 1 Additional References Kon T; Omori Y; Fukuta K (2020) The Genetic Basis of Morphological Diversity in Domesticated Goldfish.	GP00002346	chdA W8VTE1	Morphology	stop codon in codon 127. GAG (E) -> TAG (STOP). Predicted to result in a truncated protein lacking the second to fourth CR domains. N	Carassius auratus goldfish - (species)	Carassius auratus goldfish - (species) D	chordin	Carassius auratus goldfish - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CHRNA1	Xenobiotic resistance (snake venom)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Erinaceus concolor southern white-breasted hedgehog - (species) D Erinaceus europaeus western European hedgehog - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Drabeck DH; Dean AM; Jansa SA (2015) Why the honey badger don't care: Convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine rece[...]	GP00000183	CHRNA1 P02708	Physiology	2 mutations	Carnivora carnivores - (order)	Erinaceus concolor southern white-breasted hedgehog - (species) D Erinaceus europaeus western European hedgehog - (species) D	CHRNA1	Erinaceus concolor southern white-breasted hedgehog - (species) Erinaceus europaeus western European hedgehog - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CHRNA1	Xenobiotic resistance (snake venom)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Mellivora capensis ratel - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Drabeck DH; Dean AM; Jansa SA (2015) Why the honey badger don't care: Convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine rece[...]	GP00000184	CHRNA1 P02708	Physiology	2 mutations	Carnivora carnivores - (order)	Mellivora capensis ratel - (species) D	CHRNA1	Mellivora capensis ratel - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CHRNA1	Xenobiotic resistance (snake venom)	4 Mutations: Coding SNP	Herpestes ichneumon Egyptian mongoose - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Barchan D; Kachalsky S; Neumann D ; et al. (1992) How the mongoose can fight the snake: the binding site of the mongoose acetylcholine receptor. 2 Additional References Kachalsky SG; Jensen BS; Barchan D (1995) Two subsites in the binding domain of the acetylcholine receptor: an aromatic subsite and a proline [...] Barchan D; Kachalsky S; Neumann D (1992) How the mongoose can fight the snake: the binding site of the mongoose acetylcholine receptor.	GP00001686	CHRNA1 P02708	Physiology	4 mutations	Carnivora carnivores - (order)	Herpestes ichneumon Egyptian mongoose - (species) D	CHRNA1	Herpestes ichneumon Egyptian mongoose - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CHRNA1	Xenobiotic resistance (snake venom)	Coding, SNP	Naja haje (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Takacs Z; Wilhelmsen KC; Sorota S (2004) Cobra ( Naja spp. ) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor exhibits resistance to Erabu sea snake ( Latica[...]	GP00001720	CHRNA1 P02708	Physiology	Phe189Asn - The inhibitory effect on the pharmacological action of the toxin is primarily attributed to the presence of glycosylation at position N189.	Carnivora carnivores - (order)	Naja haje (species) D	CHRNA1	Naja haje (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CHRNA1	Xenobiotic resistance (snake venom)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Sus scrofa pig - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Drabeck DH; Dean AM; Jansa SA (2015) Why the honey badger don't care: Convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine rece[...]	GP00001721	CHRNA1 P02708	Physiology	2 mutations	Carnivora carnivores - (order)	Sus scrofa pig - (species) D	CHRNA1	Sus scrofa pig - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, SNP	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 1 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats.	GP00002163	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.179G>T p.G60V	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, SNP	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 1 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats.	GP00002164	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.364C>T p.P122S	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, Deletion N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 2 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats. Kehl A; Heimberger K; Langbein-Detsch I (2018) Molecular characterization of blood type A, B, and C (AB) in domestic cats and a CMAH genotyping sch[...]	GP00002165	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.1322delT p.Leu441* N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, SNP	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 2 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats. Bighignoli B; Niini T; Grahn RA (2007) Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) mutations associated with the domest[...]	GP00002166	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.139G>A p.V47M	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, SNP	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 2 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats. Bighignoli B; Niini T; Grahn RA (2007) Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) mutations associated with the domest[...]	GP00002167	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.268T>A p.Y89N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CMAH	Blood type (feline ABC)	Coding, SNP	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Omi T; Nakazawa S; Udagawa C ; et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) [...] 2 Additional References Kehl A; Mueller E; Giger U (2019) CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose-bred cats. Bighignoli B; Niini T; Grahn RA (2007) Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) mutations associated with the domest[...]	GP00002168	Cmah Q61419	Physiology	c.1600G>A p.D534N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	CMAH	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cpm1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; toxin produced by Bacillus sphaericus)	Coding, SNP N	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Darboux I; Charles JF; Pauchet Y ; et al. (2007) Transposon-mediated resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field-evolved population of Culex pipiens[...]	GP00002102	Q95WY5	Physiology	Gln396Stop - nonsense mutation which causes the loss of the C-terminal domain required for a proper anchoring of the receptor to the cell surface and thus disrupts a crucial step in the toxic properties of B. sphaericus toxin. N	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Cpm1	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cpm1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; toxin produced by Bacillus sphaericus)	Coding, Insertion N	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Darboux I; Charles JF; Pauchet Y ; et al. (2007) Transposon-mediated resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field-evolved population of Culex pipiens[...]	GP00002103	Q95WY5	Physiology	Insertion of a 451-bpTE into the exon 2 of the toxin receptor gene. The insertion induces a new mRNA splicing event that creates a shorter transcript. This new transcript encodes an altered receptor unable to interact with the toxin resulting in resistance to this insecticide. The missing portion includes GPI-anchoring signals N	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Cpm1	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cpm1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; toxin produced by Bacillus sphaericus)	Coding, Deletion N	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Guo QY; Cai QX; Yan JP ; et al. (2013) Single nucleotide deletion of cqm1 gene results in the development of resistance to Bacillus sphaeri[...] 1 Additional References Darboux I; Pauchet Y; Castella C (2002) Loss of the membrane anchor of the target receptor is a mechanism of bioinsecticide resistance.	GP00002552	Q95WY5	Physiology	one-nucleotide deletion which results in a premature stop codon and leads to production of a truncated protein. N	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	Cpm1	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CS	Plant secondary metabolite (pungency)	Cis-regulatory, Deletion N	Capsicum annuum (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Kim S; Park M; Yeom SI ; et al. (2014) Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum speci[...] 1 Additional References Stewart C; Kang BC; Liu K (2005) The Pun1 gene for pungency in pepper encodes a putative acyltransferase.	GP00001447	csy1 Q09UW1	Physiology	Large 2.5 kb deletion spanning 1.8 kb of the putative promoter and 0.7 kb of the first exon was observed in the C. annuum Bellpeppers N	Capsicum frutescens (species)	Capsicum annuum (species) D	CS	Capsicum annuum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
csf1a	Coloration (loss of stripes)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Danio albolineatus pearl danio - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Patterson LB; Bain EJ; Parichy DM (2014) Pigment cell interactions and differential xanthophore recruitment underlying zebrafish stripe reite[...]	GP00002123	csf1a A0A0B5JQ49	Morphology		Danio rerio zebrafish - (species)	Danio albolineatus pearl danio - (species) D	csf1a	Danio albolineatus pearl danio - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP19A1	Coloration (feathers)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Li J; Davis BW; Jern P ; et al. (2019) Characterization of the endogenous retrovirus insertion in CYP19A1 associated with henny feathering [...]	GP00002050	CYP19A1 P11511	Morphology	7524 bp insertion at the 5'end of CYP19A1 of an intact endogenous retrovirus (99% sequence identity to the avian leukosis virus ev-1 and ev-21 strains suggesting a recent integration) - The ERV 3'LTR contains a powerful transcriptional enhancer and core promoter with TATA box.	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	CYP19A1	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP1A2	Enzymatic activity	Coding, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Murayama N; Soyama A; Saito Y ; et al. (2004) Six novel nonsynonymous CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms: catalytic activities of the naturally occurring v[...]	GP00000199	CYP1A2 P05177	Physiology	F186L	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	CYP1A2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cyp28d1	Xenobiotic resistance (nicotine ; larval stage)	Coding, Insertion	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chakraborty M; Emerson JJ; Macdonald SJ ; et al. (2019) Structural variants exhibit widespread allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits.	GP00002113	Cyp28d1 Q9VMT5	Physiology	insertion of a FW element (4720 bp) into the coding region (exon) of the second copy of the Cyp28d1 (there is still another copy of the gene left due to a duplication). Associated with a decrease in Cyp28d2 gene expression and a decrease in nicotin resistance.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Cyp28d1	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Cyp28d1-Cyp28d2	Xenobiotic resistance (nicotine ; larval stage)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chakraborty M; Emerson JJ; Macdonald SJ ; et al. (2019) Structural variants exhibit widespread allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits.	GP00002112	Cyp28d1 Q9VMT5	Physiology	duplication of 6063 bp which includes genes Cyp28d1; Cyp28d2 and CG7742. Associated with increased expression of Cyp28d2 and increased resistance to nicotin	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Cyp28d1-Cyp28d2	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP321A8	Xenobiotic resistance (organophosphate; chlorpyrifos; pyrethroid; cypermethrin; deltamethrin)	Cis-regulatory, SNP	Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hu B; Huang H; Hu S ; et al. (2021) Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron [...]	GP00002394	CYP321A8 A0A286QUG5	Physiology	A > G at position -197bp in a cis-regulatory region, leading to increased expression of the gene	Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm - (species)	Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm - (species) D	CYP321A8	Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Rasool Akhtar; Joußen Nicole; Lorenz Sybille ; et al. (2014 ) An independent occurrence of the chimeric P450 enzyme CYP337B3 of Helicoverpa armigera confers cyper[...] 1 Additional References Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002478	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. The Pakistani and the Australian CYP337B3 alleles differ by 18 synonymous and three nonsynonymous SNPs and additionally in the length and sequence of the intron.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Han Yangchun; Yu Wanting; Zhang Weiqing ; et al. (2015 ) Variation in P450-mediated fenvalerate resistance levels is not correlated with CYP337B3 genotype in[...] 1 Additional References Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002479	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed a distinct CYP337B3 allele (CYP337B3v2) in the Pakistani population and three distinct alleles in the Chinese populations (CYP337B3v2 CYP337B3v3 CYP337B3v4) that differ from the Australian allele (CYP337B3v1) by a number of synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs in addition to variability of the intron sequence and size. This variation may result from different crossing-over positions during recombination of the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-over.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Han Yangchun; Yu Wanting; Zhang Weiqing ; et al. (2015 ) Variation in P450-mediated fenvalerate resistance levels is not correlated with CYP337B3 genotype in[...] 1 Additional References Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002480	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed a distinct CYP337B3 allele (CYP337B3v2) in the Pakistani population and three distinct alleles in the Chinese populations (CYP337B3v2 CYP337B3v3 CYP337B3v4) that differ from the Australian allele (CYP337B3v1) by a number of synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs in addition to variability of the intron sequence and size. This variation may result from different crossing-over positions during recombination of the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-over.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Han Yangchun; Yu Wanting; Zhang Weiqing ; et al. (2015 ) Variation in P450-mediated fenvalerate resistance levels is not correlated with CYP337B3 genotype in[...] 1 Additional References Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002481	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed a distinct CYP337B3 allele (CYP337B3v2) in the Pakistani population and three distinct alleles in the Chinese populations (CYP337B3v2 CYP337B3v3 CYP337B3v4) that differ from the Australian allele (CYP337B3v1) by a number of synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs in addition to variability of the intron sequence and size. This variation may result from different crossing-over positions during recombination of the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-over.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K ; et al. (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002482	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Distinct alleles resulting from different crossing-overs within the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-overs.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K ; et al. (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002483	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Distinct alleles resulting from different crossing-overs within the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-overs.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Complex Change	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K ; et al. (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]	GP00002484	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	The P450 chimeric gene CYP337B3 arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes CYP337B2 and CYP337B1 . CYP337B3 can metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Neither parental enzyme has the ability to metabolize pyrethroids in vitro. Distinct alleles resulting from different crossing-overs within the CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 parental genes with different alleles of CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 involved in the crossing-overs.	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP337B3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; pyrethroid)	Coding, Insertion	Helicoverpa zea corn earworm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K ; et al. (2018) Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...] 1 Additional References Valencia-Montoya WA; Elfekih S; North HL (2020) Adaptive Introgression across Semipermeable Species Boundaries between Local Helicoverpa zea and Inv[...]	GP00002485	CYP337B3 A0A0H3V333	Physiology	Introgression of the CYP337B3v2 resistant allele from Helicoverpa armigera	Helicoverpa zea corn earworm - (species)	Helicoverpa zea corn earworm - (species) D	CYP337B3	Helicoverpa zea corn earworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP392A16	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Anazawa Y; Tomita T; Aiki Y ; et al. (2003) Sequence of a cDNA encoding acetylcholinesterase from susceptible and resistant two-spotted spider m[...] 1 Additional References Papapostolou KM; Riga M; Samantsidis GR (2022) Over-expression in cis of the midgut P450 CYP392A16 contributes to abamectin resistance in Tetranych[...]	GP00002471	Ace P07140	Physiology	several non-synonymous SNP - exact causing amino acid change(s) unknown. Functional analysis of the putative promoter region from the resistant and susceptible parental strains revealed a higher reporter gene expression confirming the presence of cis-acting regulatory mechanisms.	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	CYP392A16	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6AB3	Xenobiotic resistance (imperatorin)	Coding, SNP	Depressaria pastinacella (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mao W; Rupasinghe SG; Zangerl AR ; et al. (2007) Allelic variation in the Depressaria pastinacella CYP6AB3 protein enhances metabolism of plant allel[...]	GP00000204	CYP6AB3 Q7YZS3	Physiology	Ala92Val (and potentiallly 4 other a.a. substitutions)	Depressaria pastinacella (species)	Depressaria pastinacella (species)	CYP6AB3	Depressaria pastinacella (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6AY1	Xenobiotic resistance (imidacloprid; buprofezin)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Pang R; Li Y; Dong Y ; et al. (2014) Identification of promoter polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP6AY1 linked with insecticide resi[...]	GP00002399	CYP6AY1 A0A1L1VFS3	Physiology	CYP6AY1 is expressed at a higher level in a field-collected BPH strain that is highly resistant to both imidacloprid and buprofezin. Polymorphism in the promoter region associated with various levels of resistance.	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6AY1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6B1	Xenobiotic resistance Host plant specialization	Coding, SNP	Papilio polyxenes black swallowtail - (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Li W; Schuler MA; Berenbaum MR (2003) Diversification of furanocoumarin-metabolizing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in two papilionids: Sp[...]	GP00000205	CYP6B1 Q04552	Physiology Physiology	Ile484Phe and probably other a.a. substitutions	Nymphalidae brushfoots - (family)	Papilio polyxenes black swallowtail - (species)	CYP6B1	Papilio polyxenes black swallowtail - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6B4	Xenobiotic resistance Host plant specialization	Coding, SNP	Papilio glaucus eastern tiger swallowtail - (species)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Mao W; Schuler MA; Berenbaum MR (2007) Cytochrome P450s in Papilio multicaudatus and the transition from oligophagy to polyphagy in the Pap[...]	GP00000206	CYP6B4 Q27902	Physiology Physiology	Lys484Ser and probably other a.a. substitutions	Nymphalidae brushfoots - (family)	Papilio glaucus eastern tiger swallowtail - (species)	CYP6B4	Papilio glaucus eastern tiger swallowtail - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6BG1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Li X; Shan C; Li F ; et al. (2019) Transcription factor FTZ-F1 and cis-acting elements mediate expression of CYP6BG1 conferring resista[...] 1 Additional References Mallott M; Hamm S; Troczka BJ (2019) A flavin-dependent monooxgenase confers resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, P[...]	GP00002064	CYP6BG1 A0A222NX20	Physiology	promoters tested in luciferase assays	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	CYP6BG1	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6CM1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; imidacloprid)	Cis-regulatory, SNP	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Karunker I; Benting J; Lueke B ; et al. (2008) Over-expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6CM1 is associated with high resistance to imidacloprid in the[...]	GP00002608	A0A6C0PTH9	Physiology	three single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers in the intron region of CYP6CM1 that discriminate between the resistant and susceptible CYP6CM1 alleles	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Bemisia tabaci (species) D	CYP6CM1	Bemisia tabaci (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6CY3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; neonicotinoid; host plant)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bass C; Zimmer CT; Riveron JM ; et al. (2013) Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. 1 Additional References Bass C; Zimmer CT; Riveron JM (2013) Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift.	GP00001474	CYP6CY3 V5SQ25	Physiology	Expansion of a AC dinucleotide microsatellite (from 15 to 48 repeat units) in the promoter 198 bp upstream of the start codon that enhances gene expression	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	CYP6CY3	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6CY3-CYP6CY4	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; neonicotinoid; host plant)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bass C; Zimmer CT; Riveron JM ; et al. (2013) Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. 3 Additional References Puinean AM; Foster SP; Oliphant L (2010) Amplification of a cytochrome P450 gene is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides [...] Bass C; Zimmer CT; Riveron JM (2013) Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. Singh KS; Troczka BJ; Duarte A (2020) The genetic architecture of a host shift: An adaptive walk protected an aphid and its endosymbiont f[...]	GP00001473	CYP6CY3 V5SQ25	Physiology	gene amplification (from 2 to 14-100 copies) - CYP6CY3 and neighboring gene CYP6CY4 are duplicated in M. p. nicotianae as a large amplicon of ~325 kb creating characteristic breakpoints identifying the region. CYP6CY4 and CYP6CY3 are highly effective at metabolizing nicotine to its nontoxic metabolite cotinine.	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	CYP6CY3-CYP6CY4	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6D1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gao J; Scott JG (2006) Role of the transcriptional repressor mdGfi-1 in CYP6D1v1-mediated insecticide resistance in the hou[...]	GP00002118	CYP6D1 Q27698	Physiology	15 bp insertion which disrupts a putative mdGfi-1 binding site in the CYP6D1v1 promoter. mdGfi-1 is a negative regulator of transcription so this leads to increased expression of CYP6D1	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	CYP6D1	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cyp6d2	Xenobiotic resistance (chemotherapeutic agent, camptothecin)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Thomas AM; Hui C; South A ; et al. (2013) Common variants of Drosophila melanogaster Cyp6d2 cause camptothecin sensitivity and synergize with [...]	GP00001984	Cyp6g2 Q9V675	Physiology	N438T (A22652974C) and N439T (A22652978G) - exact causing mutation(s) not identified - semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed that this mutant produces little to no Cyp6d2 transcript. The mutation is thus also cis-regulatory.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	cyp6d2	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6ER1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; imidacloprid)	Coding, SNP	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zimmer CT; Garrood WT; Singh KS ; et al. (2018) Neofunctionalization of Duplicated P450 Genes Drives the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the [...]	GP00002472	cyp6er1 A0A2I8B6P1	Physiology	T318S substitution results in a marked (20-fold) and significant increase in resistance compared to the wild-type susceptible variant.	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6ER1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6ER1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; imidacloprid)	Coding, Deletion	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zimmer CT; Garrood WT; Singh KS ; et al. (2018) Neofunctionalization of Duplicated P450 Genes Drives the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the [...]	GP00002473	cyp6er1 A0A2I8B6P1	Physiology	Deletion of Pro377. This provides a more moderate but significant 4.5-fold increase in resistance.	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6ER1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6ER1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; imidacloprid)	Coding, Complex Change	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zimmer CT; Garrood WT; Singh KS ; et al. (2018) Neofunctionalization of Duplicated P450 Genes Drives the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the [...]	GP00002474	cyp6er1 A0A2I8B6P1	Physiology	A375del+A376G	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6ER1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6ER1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; imidacloprid)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Zimmer CT; Garrood WT; Singh KS ; et al. (2018) Neofunctionalization of Duplicated P450 Genes Drives the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the [...]	GP00002475	cyp6er1 A0A2I8B6P1	Physiology	A significant (up to 9.5-fold) increase in expression driven by the promoter of CYP6ER1vA was observed in comparison to all other promoter variants. This suggests that cis-acting elements in the region upstream of CYP6ER1vA are responsible for the high expression of this variant in BPH populations across Southeast Asia.	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6ER1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6FU1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; deltamethrin)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Pu J; Sun H; Wang J ; et al. (2016) Multiple cis-acting elements involved in up-regulation of a cytochrome P450 gene conferring resistan[...]	GP00002117	CYP6FU1 A0A1S5R631	Physiology	Four cis-acting elements were identified whose influence on up-regulation was much more pronounced in combination than when present singly.	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species)	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species) D	CYP6FU1	Laodelphax striatellus small brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cyp6g1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Drosophila simulans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Schlenke TA; Begun DJ (2004) Strong selective sweep associated with a transposon insertion in Drosophila simulans.	GP00002019	Cyp6g1 Q9V674	Physiology	insertion of a Doc transposable element around 200 bp upstream of the putative transcription start site - mutation associated with increased expression of the gene	Drosophila simulans (species)	Drosophila simulans (species) D	cyp6g1	Drosophila simulans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cyp6g1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Drosophila simulans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Wurmser F; Mary-Huard T; Daudin JJ ; et al. (2013) Variation of gene expression associated with colonisation of an anthropized environment: comparison [...]	GP00002020	Cyp6g1 Q9V674	Physiology	insertion of a Juan transposable element in the regulatory sequence. The insertion is almost fixed in the Rhône Valley but barely present in Mayotte - mutation associated with increased expression of the gene	Drosophila simulans (species)	Drosophila simulans (species) D	cyp6g1	Drosophila simulans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP6P9 cluster (CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b)	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Anopheles funestus African malaria mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Riveron JM; Irving H; Ndula M ; et al. (2013) Directionally selected cytochrome P450 alleles are driving the spread of pyrethroid resistance in th[...] 1 Additional References Mugenzi LMJ; Menze BD; Tchouakui M (2019) Cis-regulatory CYP6P9b P450 variants associated with loss of insecticide-treated bed net efficacy ag[...]	GP00000208	CYP2C9 P11712	Physiology	Cis-regulatory variation in CYP6P9b gene	Anopheles funestus African malaria mosquito - (species)	Anopheles funestus African malaria mosquito - (species) D	CYP6P9 cluster (CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b)	Anopheles funestus African malaria mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP9J26	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bariami V; Jones CM; Poupardin R ; et al. (2012) Gene amplification, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethr[...]	GP00002606	CYP9J Q8T4S7	Physiology	CYP9J26 gene amplified about 6–7 times	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	CYP9J26	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
CYP9M6	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	Experimental Evolution	Candidate Gene	Kasai S; Komagata O; Itokawa K ; et al. (2014) Mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in the dengue mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti: target site insens[...] 1 Additional References Smith LB; Kasai S; Scott JG (2016) Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Important mosquito vectors of human dis[...]	GP00002448	CYP9M6 X5ICI6	Physiology	CYP9M6 has the capability to metabolize permethrin and is over expressed in the resistant strain partially due to gene amplification. The average copy number of the CYP9M9 gene is 4.6-fold more than the standard strain based on qPCR.	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species) D	CYP9M6	Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; QoI; quinone outside inhibiting; famoxadone)	Coding, SNP	Plasmopara viticola (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen WJ; Delmotte F; Richard-Cervera S ; et al. (2007) At least two origins of fungicide resistance in grapevine downy mildew populations.	GP00002041	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	Gly143Ala G1256C	Plasmopara viticola (species)	Plasmopara viticola (species) D	cytochrome b	Plasmopara viticola (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; QoI; quinone outside inhibiting; famoxadone)	Coding, SNP	Plasmopara viticola (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chen WJ; Delmotte F; Richard-Cervera S ; et al. (2007) At least two origins of fungicide resistance in grapevine downy mildew populations.	GP00002042	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	Gly143Ala G1256C	Plasmopara viticola (species)	Plasmopara viticola (species) D	cytochrome b	Plasmopara viticola (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; myxothiazol)	Coding, SNP	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bennoun P; Delosme M; Kück U (1991) Mitochondrial genetics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: resistance mutations marking the cytochrome b g[...]	GP00002043	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	F129L	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (species)	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (species) D	cytochrome b	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; QoI; quinone outside inhibiting)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Mycena galopus (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Kraiczy P; Haase U; Gencic S ; et al. (1996) The molecular basis for the natural resistance of the cytochrome bc1 complex from strobilurin-produc[...]	GP00002044	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	2 mutations	Mycena viridimarginata (species)	Mycena galopus (species) D	cytochrome b	Mycena galopus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; QoI; quinone outside inhibiting)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Strobilurus tenacellus (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Kraiczy P; Haase U; Gencic S ; et al. (1996) The molecular basis for the natural resistance of the cytochrome bc1 complex from strobilurin-produc[...]	GP00002045	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	2 mutations	Mycena viridimarginata (species)	Strobilurus tenacellus (species) D	cytochrome b	Strobilurus tenacellus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (fungicide; QoI; quinone outside inhibiting)	Coding, SNP	Schizosaccharomyces pombe fission yeast - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Kraiczy P; Haase U; Gencic S ; et al. (1996) The molecular basis for the natural resistance of the cytochrome bc1 complex from strobilurin-produc[...]	GP00002046	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	N261D	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Schizosaccharomyces pombe fission yeast - (species) D	cytochrome b	Schizosaccharomyces pombe fission yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide ; bifenazate)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Van Leeuwen T; Vanholme B; Van Pottelberge S ; et al. (2008) Mitochondrial heteroplasmy and the evolution of insecticide resistance: non-Mendelian inheritance in[...]	GP00002599	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	2 mutations	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species) D	cytochrome b	Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome b	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide ; bifenazate)	2 Mutations: Coding SNP	Panonychus citri citrus red mite - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Van Leeuwen T; Van Nieuwenhuyse P; Vanholme B ; et al. (2011) Parallel evolution of cytochrome b mediated bifenazate resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus [...]	GP00002600	UQCRFS1 P47985	Physiology	2 mutations	Panonychus citri citrus red mite - (species)	Panonychus citri citrus red mite - (species) D	cytochrome b	Panonychus citri citrus red mite - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
cytochrome c oxidase (COX7A)	Fertility Lifespan Locomotor activity	Coding, Deletion	Drosophila simulans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Melvin RG; Katewa SD; Ballard JW (2008) A candidate complex approach to study functional mitochondrial DNA changes: sequence variation and q[...] 1 Additional References Ballard JW; Melvin RG (2011) Early life benefits and later life costs of a two amino acid deletion in Drosophila simulans.	GP00001980	COX7A Q9VHS2	Physiology Physiology Physiology	Deletion of two amino acids (Trp85 and Val86). The deletion occurs in subunit 7A of the mitochondrial electron trans-port chain protein cytochrome c oxidase (cox7A). The nuclear encoded cox7A gene produces a protein that isimported into the mitochondrion and forms a subunit of complexIV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the electron transport chain.	Drosophila simulans (species)	Drosophila simulans (species) D	cytochrome c oxidase (COX7A)	Drosophila simulans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
D14 (KAI2 paralog)	Seed dormancy (strigolactone responsiveness)	Coding, Unknown	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Conn CE; Bythell-Douglas R; Neumann D ; et al. (2015) PLANT EVOLUTION. Convergent evolution of strigolactone perception enabled host detection in parasiti[...]	GP00000213	D14 Q10QA5	Physiology	Ligand-binding pocket tuning	Spermatophyta (no rank)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	D14 (KAI2 paralog)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Dca (=smp-30)	Wing size	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Lee SF; Chen Y; Varan AK ; et al. (2011) Molecular basis of adaptive shift in body size in Drosophila melanogaster: functional and sequence a[...] 1 Additional References McKechnie SW; Blacket MJ; Song SV (2010) A clinally varying promoter polymorphism associated with adaptive variation in wing size in Drosophi[...]	GP00000214	smp-30 Q9VFG5	Morphology	Non-coding	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Dca (=smp-30)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Coding, Deletion N	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Sire JY; Delgado SC; Girondot M (2008) Hen's teeth with enamel cap: from dream to impossibility.	GP00001936	DSPP Q9NZW4	Physiology	synteny of the corresponding region - only the N-terminal region of DSPP is present in the genome - 1-bp deletion in exon one leading to a reading frame shift were this sequence to be translated N	Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier's dwarf caiman - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
desatF	Pheromone production	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Legendre A; Miao XX; Da Lage JL ; et al. (2008) Evolution of a desaturase involved in female pheromonal cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and court[...] 1 Additional References Shirangi TR; Dufour HD; Williams TM (2009) Rapid evolution of sex pheromone-producing enzyme expression in Drosophila.	GP00000219	desatF A7DZ97	Physiology	Enrichment/gain of DSX binding sites	Drosophila (subgenus)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	desatF	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
desatF	Pheromone production	Cis-regulatory, Deletion	Drosophila (subgenus) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Shirangi TR; Dufour HD; Williams TM ; et al. (2009) Rapid evolution of sex pheromone-producing enzyme expression in Drosophila.	GP00000220	desatF A7DZ97	Physiology	Inactivation of DSX-binding site	Drosophila takahashii (species)	Drosophila (subgenus) D	desatF	Drosophila (subgenus)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Dihydroflavonol 4 reductase (MlDfr)	Coloration (flower)	Coding, Insertion N	Erythranthe lewisii (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Wu CA; Streisfeld MA; Nutter LI ; et al. (2013) The genetic basis of a rare flower color polymorphism in Mimulus lewisii provides insight into the r[...]	GP00001457	DFRA P51102	Morphology	A 2 nt (TG) insertion at position 265 causing a frameshift and a greatly truncated protein of 106 aa only about one-fourth of its functional length N	Erythranthe lewisii (species)	Erythranthe lewisii (species) D	Dihydroflavonol 4 reductase (MlDfr)	Erythranthe lewisii (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Deletion	Iochroma calycinum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Coburn RA; Griffin RH; Smith SD (2015) Genetic basis for a rare floral mutant in an Andean species of Solanaceae.	GP00000224	DFRA P51102	Morphology	33bp (11 a.a) deletion In coding sequence	Iochroma calycinum (species)	Iochroma calycinum (species) D	dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR)	Iochroma calycinum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Diptericin	Pathogen resistance (bacteria)	Coding, SNP	Drosophila simulans (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Unckless RL; Howick VM; Lazzaro BP (2016) Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila. 1 Additional References Unckless RL; Lazzaro BP (2016) The potential for adaptive maintenance of diversity in insect antimicrobial peptides.	GP00000228	DptA P24492	Physiology	Ser>Arg (AGC>AGG)	Drosophila simulans (species)	Drosophila simulans (species)	Diptericin	Drosophila simulans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Dopa oxidase-3 (Dox-3)	Enzymatic activity	Unknown, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Asada N (1997) Genetic variants affecting phenoloxidase activity in Drosophila melanogaster.	GP00002000		Physiology	Exact causing mutation(s) unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Dopa oxidase-3 (Dox-3)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Doublesex	Bristle number (male sex comb tooth number)	Cis-regulatory, Complex Change	obscura group (species group)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Tanaka K; Barmina O; Sanders LE ; et al. (2011) Evolution of sex-specific traits through changes in HOX-dependent doublesex expression.	GP00000235	dsx P23023	Morphology	Acquisition of Scr binding sites in enhancer	Sophophora (subgenus)	obscura group (species group)	Doublesex	obscura group (species group)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Doublesex	Coloration (wing ; Batesian mimicry)	Unknown, Unknown	Papilio memnon (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Iijima T; Kajitani R; Komata S ; et al. (2018) Parallel evolution of Batesian mimicry supergene in two Papilio butterflies, P. polytes and P. memno[...] 1 Additional References Komata S; Lin CP; Iijima T (2016) Identification of doublesex alleles associated with the female-limited Batesian mimicry polymorphism[...]	GP00001967	dsx P23023	Morphology	A locus containing three genes (dsx; Nach-like and UXT) displays dimorphic sequences strictly associated with the mimetic/nonmimetic phenotypes. Expression of dox; UXT but not Nach-like showed differences correlated with phenotype in female hind wings.	Papilio memnon (species)	Papilio memnon (species)	Doublesex	Papilio memnon (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Drosomycin-like 5	Pathogen resistance (fungi)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chakraborty M; Emerson JJ; Macdonald SJ ; et al. (2019) Structural variants exhibit widespread allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits.	GP00002111	Drsl5 Q9VZR2	Physiology	Duplication of the gene and insertion of a 4993-bp region (which comes from part of a neighboring gene). Associated with a >1000-fold expression increase of the gene.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Drosomycin-like 5	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Duffy	Pathogen resistance (Plasmodium; malaria parasite) (malaria)	Cis-regulatory, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tournamille C; Colin Y; Cartron JP ; et al. (1995) Disruption of a GATA motif in the Duffy gene promoter abolishes erythroid gene expression in Duffy-n[...]	GP00000240	ACKR1 Q16570	Physiology	T to C substitution in 5' region at pos -46	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Duffy	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ebony	Coloration (posterior abdomen)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila auraria (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Johnson WC; Ordway AJ; Watada M ; et al. (2015) Genetic Changes to a Transcriptional Silencer Element Confers Phenotypic Diversity within and betwee[...]	GP00000250	e O76858	Morphology	Inactivation of a conserved silencer resulting in gain-of-expression; the increase in ebony expression in the light strain occurred primarily through mutations affecting the ebony male-specific silencer element	Drosophila auraria (species)	Drosophila auraria (species) D	ebony	Drosophila auraria (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ebony	Coloration (posterior abdomen)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila serrata (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Johnson WC; Ordway AJ; Watada M ; et al. (2015) Genetic Changes to a Transcriptional Silencer Element Confers Phenotypic Diversity within and betwee[...]	GP00000251	e O76858	Morphology	loss of the ebony male-specific silencer function - increased expression of ebony	Drosophila jambulina (species)	Drosophila serrata (species) D	ebony	Drosophila serrata (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Ecdysone oxidase	Developmental time	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Sun W; Shen YH; Han MJ ; et al. (2014) An adaptive transposable element insertion in the regulatory region of the EO gene in the domesticat[...] 1 Additional References Xu X; Wang M; Wang Y (2013) Green cocoons in silkworm Bombyx mori resulting from the quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase of UGT86,[...]	GP00001102	Eo Q9VY01	Physiology	insertion of a 512bp fragment of a Taguchi transposable element 462 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the EO gene. The TE insertion enhances the transcription of flanking genes after 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment.	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species)	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species) D	Ecdysone oxidase	Bombyx mori domestic silkworm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Ectodysplasin (EDA)	Scales (loss) Femoral glands (absent) Tooth number	Coding, Insertion	Pogona vitticeps central bearded dragon - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Di-Poï N; Milinkovitch MC (2016) The anatomical placode in reptile scale morphogenesis indicates shared ancestry among skin appendage[...]	GP00002040	Eda O54693	Morphology Morphology Morphology	5′688–bp insertion of a transposon of the LTR-Gypsy family which generates a new splice donor site (gt) 42 bases upstream of the wild-type donor site; thus generating a 14–amino acid deletion in the corresponding transcript	Pogona vitticeps central bearded dragon - (species)	Pogona vitticeps central bearded dragon - (species) D	Ectodysplasin (EDA)	Pogona vitticeps central bearded dragon - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EDAR	Scales (reduced)	Coding, Deletion N	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species) D Sinocyclocheilus grahami (species) D Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Yang J; Chen X; Bai J ; et al. (2016) The Sinocyclocheilus cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation.	GP00002359	EDAR Q9UNE0	Morphology	Several deletions in the EDAR1 coding region. N	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species)	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species) D Sinocyclocheilus grahami (species) D Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous (species) D	EDAR	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species) Sinocyclocheilus grahami (species) Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EDAR	Scales (reduced)	Coding, Deletion N	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Yang J; Chen X; Bai J ; et al. (2016) The Sinocyclocheilus cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation.	GP00002360	EDAR Q9UNE0	Morphology; Physiology	Deletion of a large part of the EDAR2 coding region. N	Sinocyclocheilus grahami (species)	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species) D	EDAR	Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EDN3	Coloration (coat) Coloration (eyes) Hearing (loss)	Unknown, Unknown	Lama glama llama - (species) D Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Fan R; Gu Z; Guang X ; et al. (2020) Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca.	GP00002182	EDN3 P14138	Morphology Morphology Physiology	Introgression from alpacas to lamas and clear correlation wit phenotype but no information on the mutation(s)	Vicugna vicugna vicugna - (species)	Lama glama llama - (species) D Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	EDN3	Lama glama llama - (species) Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EDN3	Coloration	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Ambystoma mexicanum axolotl - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Woodcock MR; Vaughn-Wolfe J; Elias A ; et al. (2017) Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Amby[...]	GP00002377	EDN3 P14138	Morphology		Ambystoma mexicanum axolotl - (species)	Ambystoma mexicanum axolotl - (species) D	EDN3	Ambystoma mexicanum axolotl - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
edn3b	Coloration (reduced number of stripes)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Danio nigrofasciatus dwarf danio - (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Spiewak JE; Bain EJ; Liu J ; et al. (2018) Evolution of Endothelin signaling and diversification of adult pigment pattern in Danio fishes.	GP00002124	edn3b E9QFS0	Morphology	pigment pattern differences between these species are clearly polygenic, and it seems likely that additional loci, of the endothelin pathway or other pathways, will be identified as contributing to attenuated stripes and interstripes of D. nigrofasciatus compared to D. rerio.	Danio rerio zebrafish - (species)	Danio nigrofasciatus dwarf danio - (species)	edn3b	Danio nigrofasciatus dwarf danio - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EGLN1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Unknown, Unknown	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002135	EGLN1 Q9GZT9	Physiology Physiology	probably cis-regulatory because no nonsynonymous mutations in the coding exon with high Fst	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species)	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species) D	EGLN1	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EGLN1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Unknown, Unknown	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002136	EGLN1 Q9GZT9	Physiology Physiology	probably cis-regulatory because no nonsynonymous mutations in the coding exon with high Fst	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species)	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species) D	EGLN1	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EGNL1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002134	EGLN1 Q9GZT9	Physiology Physiology	probably cis-regulatory because no nonsynonymous mutations in the coding exon with high Fst	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species)	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species) D	EGNL1	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Sire JY; Delgado SC; Girondot M (2008) Hen's teeth with enamel cap: from dream to impossibility.	GP00001935	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	synteny of the corresponding region - the gene has been likely deleted from the chicken genome as a consequence of intrachromosomal rearrangements which have probably occurred in the lineage that led to the last common ancestor of modern birds N	Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier's dwarf caiman - (species)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Gallus gallus chicken - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Coding, Deletion N	Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale - (species) D Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species) D Eschrichtius robustus grey whale - (species) D Caperea marginata pygmy right whale - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Murphy WJ ; et al. (2009) Molecular decay of the tooth gene Enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of[...] 1 Additional References Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001939	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	1-bp deletion. Various frameshift mutations were found in the distinct species. N	Cetacea whales - (order)	Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale - (species) D Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species) D Eschrichtius robustus grey whale - (species) D Caperea marginata pygmy right whale - (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale - (species) Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species) Eschrichtius robustus grey whale - (species) Caperea marginata pygmy right whale - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth composition (no enamel production)	2 Mutations: Coding Deletion N	Kogia sima dwarf sperm whale - (species) D Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Murphy WJ ; et al. (2009) Molecular decay of the tooth gene Enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of[...] 1 Additional References Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001942	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	2 mutations	Physeter catodon sperm whale - (species)	Kogia sima dwarf sperm whale - (species) D Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Kogia sima dwarf sperm whale - (species) Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth composition (no enamel production)	3 Mutations: Coding N	Orycteropus afer aardvark - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Murphy WJ ; et al. (2009) Molecular decay of the tooth gene Enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of[...]	GP00001943	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	3 mutations	Elephantulus rufescens East African long-eared elephant shrew - (species)	Orycteropus afer aardvark - (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Orycteropus afer aardvark - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth composition (no enamel production)	Coding, Unknown N	Manis pentadactyla Chinese pangolin - (species) D Manis tricuspis Tree pangolin - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Murphy WJ ; et al. (2009) Molecular decay of the tooth gene Enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of[...]	GP00001944	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	multiple deletions and insertions less than 9bp causing frameshift N	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Manis pentadactyla Chinese pangolin - (species) D Manis tricuspis Tree pangolin - (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Manis pentadactyla Chinese pangolin - (species) Manis tricuspis Tree pangolin - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelin (ENAM)	Tooth composition (no enamel production)	Coding, Unknown N	Bradypus tridactylus Pale-throated sloth - (species) D Tamandua tetradactyla southern tamandua - (species) D Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo - (species) D Euphractus sexcinctus (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Murphy WJ ; et al. (2009) Molecular decay of the tooth gene Enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of[...]	GP00001945	ENAM Q9NRM1	Physiology	multiple frameshift insertions and deletions N	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Bradypus tridactylus Pale-throated sloth - (species) D Tamandua tetradactyla southern tamandua - (species) D Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo - (species) D Euphractus sexcinctus (species) D	enamelin (ENAM)	Bradypus tridactylus Pale-throated sloth - (species) Tamandua tetradactyla southern tamandua - (species) Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo - (species) Euphractus sexcinctus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelysin (MMP20)	Tooth absence (no enamel production)	Coding, Insertion N	Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale - (species) D Balaena mysticetus bowhead whale - (species) D Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J ; et al. (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001940	MMP20 O60882	Physiology	insertion of a CHR-2 SINE retroposon in exon 2 of MMP20 which would result in premature truncation of the MMP20 protein owing to stop codons in all possible reading frames of the CHR-2 SINE. The length of the MMP20 SINE ranges from 302 bp (B. musculus) to 318 bp (B. physalus). This mutation is found in eight investigated species of baleen whales. Other inactivating mutations (nonsense and frameshift mutations) are found in various species N	Physeter catodon sperm whale - (species)	Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale - (species) D Balaena mysticetus bowhead whale - (species) D Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species) D	enamelysin (MMP20)	Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale - (species) Balaena mysticetus bowhead whale - (species) Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
enamelysin (MMP20)	Tooth composition (no enamel production)	Coding, SNP N	Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Meredith RW; Gatesy J; Cheng J ; et al. (2011) Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin (MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales[...]	GP00001941	MMP20 O60882	Physiology	opal stop codon (TGA) in the propeptide-coding region of MMP20 exon 2 in a single individual of the pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps N	Kogia sima dwarf sperm whale - (species)	Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species) D	enamelysin (MMP20)	Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Endothelin receptor B	Coloration (coat)	Coding, SNP	Equus caballus horse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Metallinos DL; Bowling AT; Rine J (1998) A missense mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with Lethal White Foal Syndrome:[...] 2 Additional References Santschi EM; Purdy AK; Valberg SJ (1998) Endothelin receptor B polymorphism associated with lethal white foal syndrome in horses. Yang GC; Croaker D; Zhang AL (1998) A dinucleotide mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with lethal white foal syndr[...]	GP00000269	Ednrb P48302	Morphology	Ile118Lys	Equus caballus horse - (species)	Equus caballus horse - (species) D	Endothelin receptor B	Equus caballus horse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Endothelin receptor B2	Coloration (feathers ; white-spotting)	Coding, SNP	Anas platyrhynchos mallard - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Li L; Li D; Liu L ; et al. (2015) Endothelin Receptor B2 (EDNRB2) Gene Is Associated with Spot Plumage Pattern in Domestic Ducks (Anas[...]	GP00002378	EDNRB2 W8VUK4	Morphology		Anas platyrhynchos mallard - (species)	Anas platyrhynchos mallard - (species) D	Endothelin receptor B2	Anas platyrhynchos mallard - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)	Increase in antiviral ribonuclease activity	Coding, SNP	Catarrhini (parvorder)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Zhang J; Rosenberg HF (2002) Complementary advantageous substitutions in the evolution of an antiviral RNase of higher primates.	GP00000272	RNASE2 P10153	Physiology	Arg64Ser	Primates (order)	Catarrhini (parvorder)	eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)	Catarrhini (parvorder)	Published - Accepted by Curator
eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)	Increase in antiviral ribonuclease activity	Coding, SNP	Catarrhini (parvorder)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Zhang J; Rosenberg HF (2002) Complementary advantageous substitutions in the evolution of an antiviral RNase of higher primates.	GP00000273	RNASE2 P10153	Physiology	Thr132Arg	Primates (order)	Catarrhini (parvorder)	eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)	Catarrhini (parvorder)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPAS1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Unknown, Unknown	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002131	EPAS1 Q99814	Physiology Physiology	several candidate coding mutations	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species)	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species) D	EPAS1	Anas cyanoptera cinnamon teal - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPAS1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Unknown, Unknown	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002132	EPAS1 Q99814	Physiology Physiology	several candidate coding mutations	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species)	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species) D	EPAS1	Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed teal - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPAS1	High-altitude adaptation Hypoxia response	Unknown, Unknown	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Graham AM; McCracken KG (2019) Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-alt[...]	GP00002133	EPAS1 Q99814	Physiology Physiology	several candidate coding mutations	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species)	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species) D	EPAS1	Anas georgica yellow-billed pintail - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EphB2	Feathers (crest morphology)	Coding, SNP	Streptopelia risoria ringneck dove - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Vickrey AI; Domyan ET; Horvath MP ; et al. (2015) Convergent Evolution of Head Crests in Two Domesticated Columbids Is Associated with Different Misse[...]	GP00000276	EPHB2 P28693	Morphology	Gly636Arg (G>A)	Streptopelia risoria ringneck dove - (species)	Streptopelia risoria ringneck dove - (species) D	EphB2	Streptopelia risoria ringneck dove - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Epithiospecifier protein (ESP)	Plant secondary metabolite (glucosinolate) Herbivore resistance	Coding, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Lambrix V; Reichelt M; Mitchell-Olds T ; et al. (2001) The Arabidopsis epithiospecifier protein promotes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to nitriles and i[...]	GP00000279	ESP Q8RY71	Physiology Physiology	deletion of 124 bases that eliminates a splice site and 100 nucleotides of the ORF N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Epithiospecifier protein (ESP)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Amaranthus palmeri (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gaines TA; Zhang W; Wang D ; et al. (2010) Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri.	GP00001883	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Genomes of resistant plants contain from 5-fold to more than 160-fold more copies of the EPSPS gene than did genomes of susceptible plants - the duplicated section of DNA including the 10 kb EPSPS gene is at least 30 kb long	Amaranthus palmeri (species)	Amaranthus palmeri (species) D	EPSPS	Amaranthus palmeri (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Tranel PJ; Riggins CW; Bell MS ; et al. (2011) Herbicide resistances in Amaranthus tuberculatus: a call for new options.	GP00001884	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	4 copies of the EPSPS gene	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species)	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species) D	EPSPS	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Salas RA; Dayan FE; Pan Z ; et al. (2012) EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) [...]	GP00001885	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	15-25 copies of the EPSPS gene	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Bassia scoparia (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sammons RD; Gaines TA (2014) Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge.	GP00001886	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	15-25 copies of the EPSPS gene	Bassia scoparia (species)	Bassia scoparia (species) D	EPSPS	Bassia scoparia (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Amaranthus spinosus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sammons RD; Gaines TA (2014) Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge.	GP00001887	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	26-37 copies of the EPSPS gene	Amaranthus spinosus (species)	Amaranthus spinosus (species) D	EPSPS	Amaranthus spinosus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Baerson SR; Rodriguez DJ; Tran M ; et al. (2002) Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass. Identification of a mutation in the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshik[...]	GP00001888	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ser leading to 2-4-fold resistance	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species)	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species) D	EPSPS	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Echinochloa colona (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Morran S; Moretti ML; Brunharo CA ; et al. (2018) Multiple target site resistance to glyphosate in junglerice (Echinochloa colona) lines from Californ[...]	GP00001889	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ser leading to resistance	Echinochloa colona (species)	Echinochloa colona (species) D	EPSPS	Echinochloa colona (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Echinochloa colona (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Morran S; Moretti ML; Brunharo CA ; et al. (2018) Multiple target site resistance to glyphosate in junglerice (Echinochloa colona) lines from Californ[...]	GP00001890	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Leu leading to resistance	Echinochloa colona (species)	Echinochloa colona (species) D	EPSPS	Echinochloa colona (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Echinochloa colona (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Morran S; Moretti ML; Brunharo CA ; et al. (2018) Multiple target site resistance to glyphosate in junglerice (Echinochloa colona) lines from Californ[...]	GP00001891	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Thr leading to resistance	Echinochloa colona (species)	Echinochloa colona (species) D	EPSPS	Echinochloa colona (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bell Michael S; Hager Aaron G; Tranel Patrick J (2013 ) Multiple resistance to herbicides from four site-of-action groups in waterhemp (Amaranthus tubercula[...]	GP00001892	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	resistance not due to EPSPS amplification; partly due to P106S mutation	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species)	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species) D	EPSPS	Amaranthus tuberculatus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jasieniuk Marie; Ahmad Riaz; Sherwood Anna M ; et al. (2008 ) Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in California: distribution, response to [...]	GP00001896	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ser	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jasieniuk Marie; Ahmad Riaz; Sherwood Anna M ; et al. (2008 ) Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in California: distribution, response to [...]	GP00001897	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ala conferring 5-15-fold resistance	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Ng CH; Wickneswari R; Salmijah S ; et al. (2003 ) Gene polymorphisms in glyphosate‐resistant and‐susceptible biotypes of Eleusine indica from Malaysia[...]	GP00001898	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Thr leading to 3-fold resistance	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species)	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species) D	EPSPS	Eleusine indica goosegrass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Digitaria insularis (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	de Carvalho LB; Alves PL; González-Torralva F ; et al. (2012) Pool of resistance mechanisms to glyphosate in Digitaria insularis.	GP00001899	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Thr	Digitaria insularis (species)	Digitaria insularis (species) D	EPSPS	Digitaria insularis (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium rigidum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kaundun SS; Dale RP; Zelaya IA ; et al. (2011) A novel P106L mutation in EPSPS and an unknown mechanism(s) act additively to confer resistance to g[...]	GP00001900	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Leu conferring a 1.7-fold resistance increase to glyphosate at the whole plant level	Lolium rigidum (species)	Lolium rigidum (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium rigidum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium rigidum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bostamam Yazid; Malone Jenna M; Dolman Fleur C ; et al. (2012 ) Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations containing a target site mutation in EPSPS and reduced g[...]	GP00001901	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ser	Lolium rigidum (species)	Lolium rigidum (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium rigidum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium rigidum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Bostamam Yazid; Malone Jenna M; Dolman Fleur C ; et al. (2012 ) Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations containing a target site mutation in EPSPS and reduced g[...]	GP00001902	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Thr	Lolium rigidum (species)	Lolium rigidum (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium rigidum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
EPSPS	Xenobiotic resistance (herbicides; glyphosate)	Coding, SNP	Lolium rigidum (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Yu Q; Cairns A; Powles S (2007) Glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase multiple herbicide resistance evolved in a Lolium rigidum biotype.	GP00001903	At2g45300 P05466	Physiology	Pro106Ala	Lolium rigidum (species)	Lolium rigidum (species) D	EPSPS	Lolium rigidum (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ERG11 = CYP51A1	Xenobiotic resistance	Coding, SNP	Candida albicans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sanglard D; Ischer F; Koymans L ; et al. (1998) Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole[...]	GP00000281	ERG11 P10613	Physiology	Y132H	Candida albicans (species)	Candida albicans (species) D	ERG11 = CYP51A1	Candida albicans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ERG11 = CYP51A1	Xenobiotic resistance	Coding, SNP	Candida albicans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sanglard D; Ischer F; Koymans L ; et al. (1998) Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole[...]	GP00000282	ERG11 P10613	Physiology	S405F	Candida albicans (species)	Candida albicans (species) D	ERG11 = CYP51A1	Candida albicans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ERG11 = CYP51A1	Xenobiotic resistance	Coding, SNP	Candida albicans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sanglard D; Ischer F; Koymans L ; et al. (1998) Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole[...]	GP00000283	ERG11 P10613	Physiology	G464S	Candida albicans (species)	Candida albicans (species) D	ERG11 = CYP51A1	Candida albicans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
ERG11 = CYP51A1	Xenobiotic resistance	Coding, SNP	Candida albicans (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Sanglard D; Ischer F; Koymans L ; et al. (1998) Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole[...]	GP00000284	ERG11 P10613	Physiology	R467K	Candida albicans (species)	Candida albicans (species) D	ERG11 = CYP51A1	Candida albicans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase A8 and B8	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Qiao CL; Marquine M; Pasteur N ; et al. (1998) A new esterase gene amplification involved in OP resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from China.	GP00002641	B1 P16854	Physiology	coamplification of both esterase loci (Est-2 and Est-3)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	esterase A8 and B8	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase B1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; benzoylurea)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Karunaratne SH; Vaughan A; Paton MG ; et al. (1998) Amplification of a serine esterase gene is involved in insecticide resistance in Sri Lankan Culex tr[...]	GP00000290	B1 P16854	Physiology	Whole gene amplification	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species) D	esterase B1	Culex tritaeniorhynchus (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase B1 + esterase A	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Rooker S; Guillemaud T; Bergé J ; et al. (1996) Coamplification of esterase A and B genes as a single unit in Culex pipiens mosquitoes.	GP00000291	B1 P16854	Physiology	Amplification of a region containing both genes	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	esterase B1 + esterase A	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase B1 = esterase beta1	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mouchès C; Pasteur N; Bergé JB ; et al. (1986) Amplification of an esterase gene is responsible for insecticide resistance in a California Culex mo[...] 3 Additional References Guillemaud T; Raymond M; Tsagkarakou A (1999) Quantitative variation and selection of esterase gene amplification in Culex pipiens. Mouches C; Pauplin Y; Agarwal M (1990) Characterization of amplification core and esterase B1 gene responsible for insecticide resistance i[...] Guillemaud T; Rooker S; Pasteur N (1996) Testing the unique amplification event and the worldwide migration hypothesis of insecticide resista[...]	GP00000292	B1 P16854	Physiology	Amplification of esterase B1 only	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species) D	esterase B1 = esterase beta1	Culex quinquefasciatus southern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase B4	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; chlorpyrifos)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Poirié M; Raymond M; Pasteur N (1992) Identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase B locus in Culex pipiens (L.) mosquito[...]	GP00002639	B1 P16854	Physiology	The production of the esterase B is approximately 50- and 500-fold higher in mosquitoes from France and Cyprus (respectively) than in susceptible insects whereas the number of gene copies is about 25 and 250. Differences of about 7- and 95-fold were also found in the degree of chlorpyrifos resistance.	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	esterase B4	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase B5	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide; chlorpyrifos)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Poirié M; Raymond M; Pasteur N (1992) Identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase B locus in Culex pipiens (L.) mosquito[...]	GP00002640	B1 P16854	Physiology	The production of the esterase B is approximately 50- and 500-fold higher in mosquitoes from France and Cyprus (respectively) than in susceptible insects whereas the number of gene copies is about 25 and 250. Differences of about 7- and 95-fold were also found in the degree of chlorpyrifos resistance.	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species) D	esterase B5	Culex pipiens northern house mosquito - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase E4	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Field LM; Devonshire AL; Forde BG (1988) Molecular evidence that insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) results[...] 2 Additional References Field LM; Blackman RL; Tyler-Smith C (1999) Relationship between amount of esterase and gene copy number in insecticide-resistant Myzus persicae[...] Bass C; Puinean AM; Zimmer CT (2014) The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae.	GP00000293	P35501	Physiology	Whole gene amplification. Amplification of the E4 gene is closely linked to a chromosomal translocation (the autosomal 1-3 translocation event) and amplified genes are situated at a single heterozygous site on autosome 3 as a tandem array of head-to-tail amplicons.	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	esterase E4	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase FE4	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Blackman RL; Spence JM; Field LM ; et al. (1999 ) Variation in the chromosomal distribution of amplified esterase (FE4) genes in Greek field populatio[...] 2 Additional References Field LM; Blackman RL; Tyler-Smith C (1999) Relationship between amount of esterase and gene copy number in insecticide-resistant Myzus persicae[...] Bass C; Puinean AM; Zimmer CT (2014) The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae.	GP00002642	P35502	Physiology	Gene amplification	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species) D	esterase FE4	Myzus persicae green peach aphid - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Newcomb RD; Campbell PM; Ollis DL ; et al. (1997) A single amino acid substitution converts a carboxylesterase to an organophosphorus hydrolase and co[...]	GP00000294	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Gly137Asp	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	esterase isozyme E3	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Jackson CJ; Liu JW; Carr PD ; et al. (2013) Structure and function of an insect α-carboxylesterase (αEsterase7) associated with insecticide resi[...]	GP00000295	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Trp251Leu	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	esterase isozyme E3	Lucilia cuprina Australian sheep blowfly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hartley CJ; Newcomb RD; Russell RJ ; et al. (2006) Amplification of DNA from preserved specimens shows blowflies were preadapted for the rapid evolutio[...]	GP00000296	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Trp251Leu	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	esterase isozyme E3	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hartley CJ; Newcomb RD; Russell RJ ; et al. (2006) Amplification of DNA from preserved specimens shows blowflies were preadapted for the rapid evolutio[...]	GP00000297	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Trp251Ser	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species) D	esterase isozyme E3	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hartley CJ; Newcomb RD; Russell RJ ; et al. (2006) Amplification of DNA from preserved specimens shows blowflies were preadapted for the rapid evolutio[...]	GP00000298	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Gly137Asp	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species) D	esterase isozyme E3	Lucilia sericata common green bottle fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	da Silva NM; de Carvalho RA; de Azeredo-Espin AM (2011) Acetylcholinesterase cDNA sequencing and identification of mutations associated with organophosphate[...] 2 Additional References Feyereisen R; Dermauw W; Van Leeuwen T (2015) Genotype to phenotype, the molecular and physiological dimensions of resistance in arthropods. de Carvalho RA; Torres TT; de Azeredo-Espin AM (2006) A survey of mutations in the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) esterase E3 gene assoc[...]	GP00002584	alphaE7 A0A0G3Z837	Physiology	G137D	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species)	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species) D	esterase isozyme E3	Cochliomyia hominivorax primary screw-worm - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase isozyme E7 = E3	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Coding, SNP	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Claudianos C; Russell RJ; Oakeshott JG (1999) The same amino acid substitution in orthologous esterases confers organophosphate resistance on the [...]	GP00000299	LcaE7 Q25252	Physiology	Gly137Asp	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Musca domestica house fly - (species) D	esterase isozyme E7 = E3	Musca domestica house fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase NI-EST1	Xenobiotic resistance (organophosphorus insecticides)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Small GJ; Hemingway J (2000) Molecular characterization of the amplified carboxylesterase gene associated with organophosphorus i[...]	GP00002638	Ces1 Q8VCC2	Physiology	Southern analysis of genomic DNA from the Sri Lankan OP-resistant and susceptible strains suggests that the Nl-EST1 esterase gene is amplified in the resistant strain	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species) D	esterase NI-EST1	Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
esterase type I	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Schizaphis graminum greenbug - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Ono M; Swanson JJ; Field LM ; et al. (1999) Amplification and methylation of an esterase gene associated with insecticide-resistance in greenbug[...] 1 Additional References Vontas JG; Small GJ; Hemingway J (2000) Comparison of esterase gene amplification, gene expression and esterase activity in insecticide susc[...]	GP00002637	P35501	Physiology	The type I esterase is amplified 4- to 8-fold in resistant S. graminum and that the amplified sequences contain 5-methylcytosine at MspI/HpaII sites.	Schizaphis graminum greenbug - (species)	Schizaphis graminum greenbug - (species) D	esterase type I	Schizaphis graminum greenbug - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
eve	Developmental time	Cis-regulatory, Deletion	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Palsson A; Wesolowska N; Reynisdóttir S ; et al. (2014) Naturally occurring deletions of hunchback binding sites in the even-skipped stripe 3+7 enhancer.	GP00001986	eve P06602	Physiology	72bp deletion that removes one of the hb protein-binding sites in the stripe 3+7 enhancer of eve. The deletion also removes half of a putative slp1 protein-binding site.	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	eve	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FAD2A	Oil composition (oleate levels)	Coding, SNP N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Jung S; Powell G; Moore K ; et al. (2000) The high oleate trait in the cultivated peanut [Arachis hypogaea L]. II. Molecular basis and genetic[...]	GP00002075	FAD2A E2GJC1	Physiology	D150N in a residue that is absolutely conserved among other desaturases N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	FAD2A	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FAD2B	Oil composition (oleate levels)	Coding, Insertion N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Patel M; Jung S; Moore K ; et al. (2004) High-oleate peanut mutants result from a MITE insertion into the FAD2 gene.	GP00002073	FAD2B Q9LKK6	Physiology	insertion of 205-bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) called ahMITE1 at position 665 near the center of the coding region in the case of MF; which causes a frameshift N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	FAD2B	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FAD2B	Oil composition (oleate levels)	Coding, Insertion N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Patel M; Jung S; Moore K ; et al. (2004) High-oleate peanut mutants result from a MITE insertion into the FAD2 gene.	GP00002074	FAD2B Q9LKK6	Physiology	insertion of 205-bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) called ahMITE1 at position 997 of the coding region; which causes a frameshift N	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species) D	FAD2B	Arachis hypogaea peanut - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Fads2	Fatty acid metabolism (fatty acid desaturation)	Gene Amplification, Insertion	Pungitius tymensis Sakhalin sticlkeback - (species) D Pungitius kaibarae (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Ishikawa A; Kabeya N; Ikeya K ; et al. (2019) A key metabolic gene for recurrent freshwater colonization and radiation in fishes.	GP00002053	fads2 Q9DEX7	Physiology	higher number of copies of Fads2.	Pungitius pungitius ninespine stickleback - (species)	Pungitius tymensis Sakhalin sticlkeback - (species) D Pungitius kaibarae (species) D	Fads2	Pungitius tymensis Sakhalin sticlkeback - (species) Pungitius kaibarae (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
fatty acid synthase	Dessication tolerance Pheromone production (mbCHC)	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Drosophila birchii (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Chung H; Loehlin DW; Dufour HD ; et al. (2014) A single gene affects both ecological divergence and mate choice in Drosophila.	GP00002063	FASN3 Q7PLB8	Physiology Physiology	No expression of the gene in D. birchii. The coding region of the D. birchii gene is intact. Cis-regulatory region tested in reporter assays in D. melanogaster - exact causing mutation(s) unknown. RNAi against mFAS/CG17354 in D. serrata recapitylates the D. birchii phenotype.	Drosophila serrata (species)	Drosophila birchii (species)	fatty acid synthase	Drosophila birchii (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Fezf2	Cerebral cortex layered organization	Cis-regulatory, Complex Change	Mammalia mammals - (class) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Shim S; Kwan KY; Li M ; et al. (2012) Cis-regulatory control of corticospinal system development and evolution.	GP00000307	Fezf2 Q9ESP5	Morphology	Acquisition of SOX binding sites in enhancer E4	Amniota amniotes - (no rank)	Mammalia mammals - (class) D	Fezf2	Mammalia mammals - (class)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length (length)	Coding, Deletion N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Drögemüller C; Rüfenacht S; Wichert B ; et al. (2007) Mutations within the FGF5 gene are associated with hair length in cats. 1 Additional References Kehler JS; David VA; Schäffer AA (2007 Sep-Oct) Four independent mutations in the feline fibroblast growth factor 5 gene determine the long-haired p[...]	GP00000311	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.474delT resulting in frameshift N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	FGF5	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Deletion N	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Legrand R; Tiret L; Abitbol M (2014) Two recessive mutations in FGF5 are associated with the long-hair phenotype in donkeys.	GP00001369	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.433_434delAT frameshift deletion leading to a stop codon at position 159 N	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	FGF5	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP N	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Legrand R; Tiret L; Abitbol M (2014) Two recessive mutations in FGF5 are associated with the long-hair phenotype in donkeys.	GP00001370	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.245G>A p.W82* nonsense mutation leading to stop codon at position 82 N	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Equus asinus ass - (species) D	FGF5	Equus asinus ass - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length (length)	Coding, Insertion N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Drögemüller C; Rüfenacht S; Wichert B ; et al. (2007) Mutations within the FGF5 gene are associated with hair length in cats. 1 Additional References Kehler JS; David VA; Schäffer AA (2007 Sep-Oct) Four independent mutations in the feline fibroblast growth factor 5 gene determine the long-haired p[...]	GP00002172	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.ins356T resulting in frameshift N	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Felis catus domestic cat - (species) D	FGF5	Felis catus domestic cat - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Deletion N	Mesocricetus auratus golden hamster - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Yoshizawa Y; Wada K; Shimoi G ; et al. (2015) A 1-bp deletion in Fgf5 causes male-dominant long hair in the Syrian hamster.	GP00002173	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.546delG p.Arg184GlyfsX6 N	Mesocricetus auratus golden hamster - (species)	Mesocricetus auratus golden hamster - (species) D	FGF5	Mesocricetus auratus golden hamster - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Dierks C; Mömke S; Philipp U ; et al. (2013) Allelic heterogeneity of FGF5 mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. 1 Additional References Cadieu E; Neff MW; Quignon P (2009) Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes.	GP00002174	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	g.4528639C>T c.578C>T p.A193V	Canis lupus gray wolf - (species)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	FGF5	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Dierks C; Mömke S; Philipp U ; et al. (2013) Allelic heterogeneity of FGF5 mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. 1 Additional References Cadieu E; Neff MW; Quignon P (2009) Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes.	GP00002175	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	g.8193T>A splice site	Canis lupus gray wolf - (species)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	FGF5	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Insertion	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Dierks C; Mömke S; Philipp U ; et al. (2013) Allelic heterogeneity of FGF5 mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. 1 Additional References Cadieu E; Neff MW; Quignon P (2009) Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes.	GP00002176	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.559_560dupGG p.R188Afs*73	Canis lupus gray wolf - (species)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	FGF5	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Deletion	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Dierks C; Mömke S; Philipp U ; et al. (2013) Allelic heterogeneity of FGF5 mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. 1 Additional References Cadieu E; Neff MW; Quignon P (2009) Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes.	GP00002177	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.556_571del16 p.A186Tfs*69	Canis lupus gray wolf - (species)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	FGF5	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP N	Cavia porcellus domestic guinea pig - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Yu F; Liu Z; Jiao S ; et al. (2018) A nonsense mutation in the FGF5 gene is associated with the long-haired phenotype in domestic guinea[...]	GP00002178	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	c.403C>T p.Arg135* N	Cavia porcellus domestic guinea pig - (species)	Cavia porcellus domestic guinea pig - (species) D	FGF5	Cavia porcellus domestic guinea pig - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Indel N	Lama glama llama - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Daverio MS; Vidal-Rioja L; Frank EN ; et al. (2017) Molecular characterization of the llama FGF5 gene and identification of putative loss of function mu[...]	GP00002179	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	a single base deletion (c.348delA) + a 12-bp insertion (c.351_352insCATATAACATAG) N	Lama guanicoe guanaco - (species)	Lama glama llama - (species) D	FGF5	Lama glama llama - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP N	Lama glama llama - (species) D Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Daverio MS; Vidal-Rioja L; Frank EN ; et al. (2017) Molecular characterization of the llama FGF5 gene and identification of putative loss of function mu[...] 2 Additional References Pallotti S; Pediconi D; Subramanian D (2018) Evidence of post-transcriptional readthrough regulation in FGF5 gene of alpaca. Fan R; Gu Z; Guang X (2020) Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca.	GP00002180	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	transition C>T at position 499 downstream of the ATG codon with transcriptional readthrough ; difference in post-transcriptional readthrough may underlie the different fleece types of the alpaca suri and huacaya breeds ; derived allele was introgressed from lamas to alpacas N	Lama guanicoe guanaco - (species)	Lama glama llama - (species) D Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species) D	FGF5	Lama glama llama - (species) Vicugna pacos alpaca - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Deletion N	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Hébert JM; Rosenquist T; Götz J ; et al. (1994) FGF5 as a regulator of the hair growth cycle: evidence from targeted and spontaneous mutations. 1 Additional References Sundberg JP; Rourk MH; Boggess D (1997) Angora mouse mutation: altered hair cycle, follicular dystrophy, phenotypic maintenance of skin graf[...]	GP00002441	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	Deletion which extends at least 2kb upstream of the Fgf5 translational start site and terminates at the end of the first exon or beginning of the first intron. N	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	FGF5	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, Deletion N	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Mizuno S; Iijima S; Okano T ; et al. (2011) Retrotransposon-mediated Fgf5(go-Utr) mutant mice with long pelage hair.	GP00002442	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	Deletion of a 9.3-kb region in the Fgf5 gene including exon 3 and its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The genomic deletion site also shows insertion of a 498-bp early transposon element long terminal repeat. N	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Mus musculus house mouse - (species) D	FGF5	Mus musculus house mouse - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGF5	Hair length	Coding, SNP	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Housley DJ; Venta PJ (2006) The long and the short of it: evidence that FGF5 is a major determinant of canine 'hair'-itability.	GP00002443	Fgf5 P15656	Morphology	Presence of a duplication in a relatively non-conserved region of the gene and a missense mutation resulting in the substitution of Phe for Cys in a highly conserved region. Genotyping of 218 dogs from three breeds fixed for long hair; eight breeds fixed for short hair and five breeds in which long hair is segregating provided evidence that the missense mutation is associated with the hair-length differences among these breeds.	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies) D	FGF5	Canis lupus familiaris dog - (subspecies)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Fgfr1a1	Scales (loss)	Coding, Deletion N	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Rohner N; Bercsényi M; Orbán L ; et al. (2009) Duplication of fgfr1 permits Fgf signaling to serve as a target for selection during domestication.	GP00000312	fgfr1a Q90Z00	Morphology	deletion of 310 bp N	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species)	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species) D	Fgfr1a1	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Fgfr1a1	Scales (loss)	Coding, SNP	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Rohner N; Bercsényi M; Orbán L ; et al. (2009) Duplication of fgfr1 permits Fgf signaling to serve as a target for selection during domestication.	GP00000313	fgfr1a Q90Z00	Morphology	Glu664Lys	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species)	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species) D	Fgfr1a1	Cyprinus carpio common carp - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FGFR2	Hair thickness	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Fujimoto A; Nishida N; Kimura R ; et al. (2009) FGFR2 is associated with hair thickness in Asian populations.	GP00000314	FGFR2 P21802	Morphology	Unknown	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	FGFR2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
fiz	Body size	3 Mutations: Cis-regulatory SNP	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Glaser-Schmitt A; Parsch J (2018) Functional characterization of adaptive variation within a cis-regulatory element influencing Drosop[...]	GP00002017	fiz Q9VY04	Morphology	3 mutations	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species) D	fiz	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers; pubescence; seeds)	Coding, Deletion N	Glycine soja (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013) Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]	GP00000315	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	-1bp at +973 resulting in premature stop codon N	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Glycine soja (species) D	Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Glycine soja (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers; pubescence; seeds)	Coding, Deletion N	Glycine soja (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013) Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]	GP00000316	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	-1bp at +1164 resulting in premature stop codon N	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Glycine soja (species) D	Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Glycine soja (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers; pubescence; seeds)	Coding, Indel	Glycine soja (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013) Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]	GP00000317	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	a single base insertion of an adenine at position 965 as well as a single base deletion of adenine at position 973 resulting in N322K and Q324T - exact causing mutation(s) unknown	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Glycine soja (species)	Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Glycine soja (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Glycine max soybean - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Zabala G; Vodkin LO (2005) The wp mutation of Glycine max carries a gene-fragment-rich transposon of the CACTA superfamily.	GP00000318	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	Transposon insertion in intron 2	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Glycine max soybean - (species) D	flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Zufall RA; Rausher MD (2003 Nov-Dec) The genetic basis of a flower color polymorphism in the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). 3 Additional References Hoshino A; Morita Y; Choi JD (2003) Spontaneous mutations of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene conferring reddish flowers in the three m[...] Zufall RA; Rausher MD (2004) Genetic changes associated with floral adaptation restrict future evolutionary potential. Des Marais DL; Rausher MD (2010) Parallel evolution at multiple levels in the origin of hummingbird pollinated flowers in Ipomoea.	GP00000319	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	insertion of the 0.55-kb DNA transposable element Tip201 belonging to the Ac/Ds superfamily. No excision of Tip201 from the F3'H gene could be detected. Both splicing and polyadenylation patterns of the F3'H transcripts were affected by the Tip201 integration. N	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species) D	flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Ipomoea purpurea common morning-glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Unknown, Unknown	Petunia x hybrida (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Brugliera F; Barri-Rewell G; Holton TA ; et al. (1999) Isolation and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase cDNA clone corresponding to the Ht1 loc[...]	GP00000320	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	Not identified	Petunia x hybrida (species)	Petunia x hybrida (species)	flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Petunia x hybrida (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, SNP N	Ipomoea nil Japanese morning glory - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Hoshino A; Morita Y; Choi JD ; et al. (2003) Spontaneous mutations of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene conferring reddish flowers in the three m[...]	GP00002087	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	nonsense mutation caused by a single C to T base transition generating the stop codon TGA. N	Ipomoea nil Japanese morning glory - (species)	Ipomoea nil Japanese morning glory - (species) D	flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Ipomoea nil Japanese morning glory - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, Insertion N	Ipomoea tricolor (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Hoshino A; Morita Y; Choi JD ; et al. (2003) Spontaneous mutations of the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene conferring reddish flowers in the three m[...]	GP00002088	CYP75B1 Q9SD85	Morphology	a single T insertion generating the stop codon TAG. The accumulation of the F3'H transcripts is drastically reduced by the nonsense-mediated RNA decay. N	Ipomoea tricolor (species)	Ipomoea tricolor (species) D	flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H)	Ipomoea tricolor (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)	Coloration (flowers; pubescence; seeds)	Coding, Insertion N	Glycine soja (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Guo Y; Qiu LJ (2013) Allele-specific marker development and selection efficiencies for both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase and [...]	GP00000322	CYP75A2 P37120	Morphology	53bp insertion at +1352 N	Glycine max soybean - (species)	Glycine soja (species) D	flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)	Glycine soja (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)	Coloration (flowers)	Coding, SNP	Pisum sativum pea - (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Moreau C; Ambrose MJ; Turner L ; et al. (2012) The B gene of pea encodes a defective flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, and confers pink flower color.	GP00000326	CYP75A2 P37120	Morphology	G111E	Pisum sativum pea - (species)	Pisum sativum pea - (species)	flavonoid 3';5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H)	Pisum sativum pea - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FLC (=Pep1)	Flowering time	Gene Amplification, Indel	Arabis alpina gray rockcress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Albani MC; Castaings L; Wötzel S ; et al. (2012) PEP1 of Arabis alpina is encoded by two overlapping genes that contribute to natural genetic variati[...]	GP00000329	FLC Q9S7Q7	Physiology	complex structural variations	Arabis alpina gray rockcress - (species)	Arabis alpina gray rockcress - (species)	FLC (=Pep1)	Arabis alpina gray rockcress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FLC (Flowering Locus C)	Flowering time	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Michaels SD; He Y; Scortecci KC ; et al. (2003) Attenuation of FLOWERING LOCUS C activity as a mechanism for the evolution of summer-annual flowerin[...] 3 Additional References Gazzani S; Gendall AR; Lister C (2003) Analysis of the molecular basis of flowering time variation in Arabidopsis accessions. Ågren J; Oakley CG; Lundemo S (2017) Adaptive divergence in flowering time among natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: Estimates o[...] Liu J; He Y; Amasino R (2004) siRNAs targeting an intronic transposon in the regulation of natural flowering behavior in Arabidops[...]	GP00000332	FLC Q9S7Q7	Physiology	TE insertion in intron 1; a region required for normal FLC regulation. The transposable element renders FLC-Ler subject to repressive chromatin modifications mediated by short interfering RNAs generated from homologous transposable elements in the genome.	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	FLC (Flowering Locus C)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FLC (Flowering Locus C)	Flowering time	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Michaels SD; He Y; Scortecci KC ; et al. (2003) Attenuation of FLOWERING LOCUS C activity as a mechanism for the evolution of summer-annual flowerin[...] 1 Additional References Ågren J; Oakley CG; Lundemo S (2017) Adaptive divergence in flowering time among natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: Estimates o[...]	GP00000333	FLC Q9S7Q7	Physiology	Not identified	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	FLC (Flowering Locus C)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FLO1	Cell separation	Other, Unknown	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Smukalla S; Caldara M; Pochet N ; et al. (2008) FLO1 is a variable green beard gene that drives biofilm-like cooperation in budding yeast. 1 Additional References Verstrepen KJ; Jansen A; Lewitter F (2005) Intragenic tandem repeats generate functional variability.	GP00000342	FLO1 P32768	Physiology	both coding and non-coding divergence ; polyQ variation	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	FLO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Flowering locus T (LpFT3)	Flowering time	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Lolium perenne (species)	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Skøt L; Sanderson R; Thomas A ; et al. (2011) Allelic variation in the perennial ryegrass FLOWERING LOCUS T gene is associated with changes in flo[...]	GP00000347	FT Q9SXZ2	Physiology	unknown	Lolium perenne (species)	Lolium perenne (species)	Flowering locus T (LpFT3)	Lolium perenne (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FMO1	Xenobiotic resistance Host plant specialization	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar moth - (species)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Sehlmeyer S; Wang L; Langel D ; et al. (2010) Flavin-dependent monooxygenases as a detoxification mechanism in insects: new insights from the arct[...]	GP00000348	Fmo-1 Q9W1E9	Physiology Physiology	Gene duplication	Lepidoptera butterflies and moths - (order)	Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar moth - (species)	FMO1	Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FMO2	Xenobiotic resistance (insecticide)	Cis-regulatory, Insertion	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Mallott M; Hamm S; Troczka BJ ; et al. (2019) A flavin-dependent monooxgenase confers resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, P[...]	GP00002065	FMO2 Q99518	Physiology	a putatative transposon (233bp) insertion in the HAW promoter sequence just 140 bp upstream of the start codon of PxFMO2 which was absent in the ROTH promoter, the boundaries of all copies of this element were found to be defined by 34 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats, increase the expression of the gene PxFMO2 downstream	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species) D	FMO2	Plutella xylostella diamondback moth - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
fog-2	Fertility (self-fertility; hermaphrodite spermatogenesis)	Gene Amplification, Complex Change	Caenorhabditis elegans (species)	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Nayak S; Goree J; Schedl T (2005) fog-2 and the evolution of self-fertile hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis.	GP00000349	fog-2 Q2YS43	Physiology	Gene birth by duplication of an ancestral gene ; FOG-2 binds the translational regulator GLD-1 and promotes spermatogenesis ; see also tra-2 entry and associated references	Caenorhabditis briggsae (species)	Caenorhabditis elegans (species)	fog-2	Caenorhabditis elegans (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
foraging	Food-search behavior	Unknown, Unknown	Sesamia nonagrioides Mediterranean corn borer - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Chardonnet F; Capdevielle-Dulac C; Chouquet B ; et al. (2014) Food searching behaviour of a Lepidoptera pest species is modulated by the foraging gene polymorphis[...]	GP00002619	for Q03043	Behavior	Association between a coding SNP in foraging gene and foraging activity. But not clear whether the causal mutation is this one.	Sesamia nonagrioides Mediterranean corn borer - (species)	Sesamia nonagrioides Mediterranean corn borer - (species)	foraging	Sesamia nonagrioides Mediterranean corn borer - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
foxo	Body size (wing) Starvation resistance	Unknown, Unknown	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Betancourt NJ; Rajpurohit S; Durmaz E ; et al. (2021) Allelic polymorphism at foxo contributes to local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster. 1 Additional References Durmaz E; Rajpurohit S; Betancourt N (2019) A clinal polymorphism in the insulin signaling transcription factor foxo contributes to life-history[...]	GP00002661	foxo Q95V55	Morphology Morphology; Physiology		Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	foxo	Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FoxP2	Gene expression change (transcriptional targets)	Coding, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Konopka G; Bomar JM; Winden K ; et al. (2009) Human-specific transcriptional regulation of CNS development genes by FOXP2. 1 Additional References Schreiweis C; Bornschein U; Burguière E (2014) Humanized Foxp2 accelerates learning by enhancing transitions from declarative to procedural perform[...]	GP00000353	FOXP2 O15409	Behavior	2 aa changes (T303N and N325S) resulting in changes of the regulated transcriptional targets in a human neuron cell line. Speculatively; these changes could be associated with language skills but these connections with null-mutant phenotypes are dubious - whether one or both mutations are required is unknown	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	FoxP2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Indel N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...]	GP00000359	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	Del 2257-2355 in exon 3; deletion of 99 bp combined with an insertion of 61 bp N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...]	GP00000360	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	1bp deletion at 1487 in exon 1 N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Insertion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...]	GP00000361	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	1bp insertion at 766 N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Insertion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...] 1 Additional References Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000362	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	Insertion 1 bp at 1454 in exon 1 N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...]	GP00000363	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	Trp240* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Le Corre V; Roux F; Reboud X (2002) DNA polymorphism at the FRIGIDA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: extensive nonsynonymous variation is c[...]	GP00000364	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	Glu361* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Gazzani S; Gendall AR; Lister C ; et al. (2003) Analysis of the molecular basis of flowering time variation in Arabidopsis accessions.	GP00000365	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	K232* in exon 1 N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000366	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	deletion; E430* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000367	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	deletion of 6 amino acids; LQLDKE422-427*	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000368	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	deletion aa 1-12	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000369	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	deletion resulting in S121* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000370	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	deletion; AF375-6* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Insertion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000371	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	insertion; I490* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, Insertion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000372	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	insertion; T258* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species) D	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000373	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	Y162* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
Frigida (FRI)	Flowering time	Coding, SNP N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Shindo C; Aranzana MJ; Lister C ; et al. (2005) Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in determining variation in flowering time of Arabidopsis.	GP00000374	FRI P0DH90	Physiology	K170* N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Frigida (FRI)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FRIZZLED8	Neocortex development	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Boyd JL; Skove SL; Rouanet JP ; et al. (2015) Human-chimpanzee differences in a FZD8 enhancer alter cell-cycle dynamics in the developing neocorte[...]	GP00001443	FZD8 Q9H461	Morphology	10 mutations fixed on the human branch in the Hs-HARE5 genomic locus resulting in enhancer activity in developing neocortex	Pan troglodytes chimpanzee - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	FRIZZLED8	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FUT2	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, Deletion N	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kelly RJ; Rouquier S; Giorgi D ; et al. (1995) Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransfera[...] 1 Additional References Pang H; Fujitani N; Soejima M (2000) Two distinct Alu-mediated deletions of the human ABO-secretor (FUT2) locus in Samoan and Bangladeshi[...]	GP00000379	FUT2 Q10981	Physiology	9.3 kb deletion mediated by recombination between Alu sequences N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	FUT2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FUT2	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, Deletion N	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kelly RJ; Rouquier S; Giorgi D ; et al. (1995) Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransfera[...] 2 Additional References Pang H; Fujitani N; Soejima M (2000) Two distinct Alu-mediated deletions of the human ABO-secretor (FUT2) locus in Samoan and Bangladeshi[...] Koda Y; Soejima M; Johnson PH (2000) An Alu-mediated large deletion of the FUT2 gene in individuals with the ABO-Bombay phenotype.	GP00000380	FUT2 Q10981	Physiology	10 kb deletion mediated by recombination between Alu sequences N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species) D	FUT2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FUT2	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kelly RJ; Rouquier S; Giorgi D ; et al. (1995) Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransfera[...] 1 Additional References Ferrer-Admetlla A; Sikora M; Laayouni H (2009) A natural history of FUT2 polymorphism in humans.	GP00000381	FUT2 Q10981	Physiology	premature stop at codon 143: TGG>TGA N	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	FUT2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
FUT2	ABO antigen blood type	Coding, SNP	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Kelly RJ; Rouquier S; Giorgi D ; et al. (1995) Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransfera[...] 1 Additional References Ferrer-Admetlla A; Sikora M; Laayouni H (2009) A natural history of FUT2 polymorphism in humans.	GP00000382	FUT2 Q10981	Physiology	Ile129Phe	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homo sapiens human - (species)	FUT2	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GAL1	Carbohydrate metabolism (galactose)	Cis-regulatory, Complex Change	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Hittinger CT; Carroll SB (2007) Gene duplication and the adaptive evolution of a classic genetic switch.	GP00000385	GAL1 P09608	Physiology	Helical phasing of GAL4 elements in promoter region following duplication	Kluyveromyces lactis (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	GAL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GAL1	Carbohydrate metabolism	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Roop JI; Chang KC; Brem RB (2016) Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast.	GP00001425	GAL1 P04385	Physiology	unknown	Saccharomyces bayanus (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	GAL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GAL10	Carbohydrate metabolism	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Roop JI; Chang KC; Brem RB (2016) Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast.	GP00001428	GAL10 P04397	Physiology	unknown	Saccharomyces bayanus (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	GAL10	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GAL3	Carbohydrate metabolism	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Roop JI; Chang KC; Brem RB (2016) Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast.	GP00001426	GAL3 P13045	Physiology	unknown	Saccharomyces bayanus (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	GAL3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GAL4	Carbohydrate metabolism	Cis-regulatory, Unknown	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	Interspecific	Candidate Gene	Roop JI; Chang KC; Brem RB (2016) Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast.	GP00001427	GAL4 P04386	Physiology	unknown	Saccharomyces bayanus (species)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species) D	GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
gastrin	Digestion (absence of stomach)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Ordoñez GR; Hillier LW; Warren WC ; et al. (2008) Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution.	GP00001914	GAST P01350	Physiology	Absence of the gene in the genome sequence - high synteny N	Monodelphis domestica gray short-tailed opossum - (species)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species) D	gastrin	Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypus - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GDF6	Limb morphology (hindlimb;skeleton)	Cis-regulatory, Deletion	Homininae (subfamily) D	Intergeneric or Higher	Candidate Gene	Indjeian VB; Kingman GA; Jones FC ; et al. (2016) Evolving New Skeletal Traits by cis-Regulatory Changes in Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.	GP00000389	GDF6 Q6KF10	Morphology	Loss of a limb specific enhancer, the deletion is 5.6 kb	Homo sapiens human - (species)	Homininae (subfamily) D	GDF6	Homininae (subfamily)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GDF9	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, SNP	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Silva BD; Castro EA; Souza CJ ; et al. (2011) A new polymorphism in the Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) gene is associated with increas[...]	GP00000390	GDF9 O60383	Physiology	F345C	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	GDF9	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GDF9	Fertility (increased ovulation rate)	Coding, SNP	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	Souza CJ; McNeilly AS; Benavides MV ; et al. (2014) Mutation in the protease cleavage site of GDF9 increases ovulation rate and litter size in heterozyg[...]	GP00002188	GDF9 O60383	Physiology	g.41841453C>T c.943C>T p.R315C	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Ovis aries sheep - (species) D	GDF9	Ovis aries sheep - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GH	Body size (dwarfism)	Coding, SNP	Bos taurus cattle - (species) D	Domesticated	Candidate Gene	McCormack BL; Chase CC; Olson TA ; et al. (2009) A miniature condition in Brahman cattle is associated with a single nucleotide mutation within the g[...]	GP00002037	GH1 P01241	Morphology	g.48768780C>T c.593C>T p.T198M	Bos taurus cattle - (species)	Bos taurus cattle - (species) D	GH	Bos taurus cattle - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GLABROUS1	Trichome (leaves)	Unknown, Unknown	Arabidopsis (genus)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hauser MT; Harr B; Schlötterer C (2001) Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular a[...] 1 Additional References Kivimäki M; Kärkkäinen K; Gaudeul M (2007) Gene, phenotype and function: GLABROUS1 and resistance to herbivory in natural populations of Arabid[...]	GP00000398	GL1 P27900	Morphology	unknown	Arabidopsis (genus)	Arabidopsis (genus)	GLABROUS1	Arabidopsis (genus)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GLABROUS1	Trichome density (leaf)	Gene Loss, Deletion N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hauser MT; Harr B; Schlötterer C (2001) Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular a[...] 1 Additional References Hauser MT; Harr B; Schlötterer C (2001) Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular a[...]	GP00001238	GL1 P27900	Morphology	gene loss: -4.7KB at position -948bp N	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	GLABROUS1	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator
GLABROUS1	Trichome density (leaf)	Coding, SNP	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Intraspecific	Candidate Gene	Hauser MT; Harr B; Schlötterer C (2001) Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular a[...] 1 Additional References Hauser MT; Harr B; Schlötterer C (2001) Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular a[...]	GP00001239	GL1 P27900	Morphology	S92F	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	GLABROUS1	Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress - (species)	Published - Accepted by Curator